Theme Of Dramatic Irony In Oedipus - 1400 Words

Sophocles uses irony in his writing to prove only fate controls ones life and not free will. The dramatic irony asserting the reader that the prophecy had indeed come true before Oedipus even knows it further proves that fate controls the lives of mortals. Teiresias uses irony to proclaim to Oedipus â€Å"that with those you love best you live in foulest shame unconsciously and do not see where you are in calamity (633).Teiresias used dramatic irony by telling Oedipus how his life contains a path of shame yet he does not believe him. Every time that Oedipus does not believe another person who tells him of the shame that approaches in the near future the reader becomes more aware of the situation and the dramatic irony becomes more and†¦show more content†¦However, the irony is quite evident when the prophecy itself had come true it was simply unclear to Jocasta and Oedipus at the time. Try and Try as one might they will never be able to alter a prophecy for they never contr olled their own free will. The irony included that they believed that it worked that they were free but no one may truly free themselves from fate. The Literary element, Irony, suggests fate as the overpowering force in Oedipus and does so by proving one may never alter a prophecy and immortals control all mortals. Sophocles used Character development methods in his writing to prove only fate controls ones life and not free will. Oedipus first revealed to the reader as a self-absorbed arrogant man who has received more credit than deserved, simply for beating the sphinx. Sophocles gives the reader this impression of Oedipus by Oedipus describing himself as â€Å" Oedipus whom all men call the Great† (621). Oedipus claiming that all men call him the great proves that Oedipus acquired a self-absorbed mentality when the reader reads on realizing that not one character throughout the story calls him â€Å"The Great† beside himself. Oedipus did not choose to beShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Dramatic Irony In Oedipus The King1057 Words   |  5 Pagesentire play, Oedipus the king by Sophocles dramatic irony. Dramatic irony is when audience is aware what is happening but the character is not. Sophocles uses dramatic irony to show us Oedipus’s character and what is expected to occur. T he intention of using irony also allows us to sustain our interest in the play and keep us intrigued by what’s happening. Ironically, the play begins with dramatic irony. Suddenly after the death of King Laius, A plague has hit the city of Thebes. Since Oedipus was theRead More The Role of Teiresias in Sophocles Oedipus Rex Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pagesdestruction that Oedipus will encounter after he learns the truths of his life. Teiresias is also responsible for further developing the theme of blindness by using his own physical blindness to reveal to Oedipus his mental blindness. Lastly, Teiresias is ultimately responsible for imposing dramatic irony because of his great knowledge of the truth of Oedipus. In the play, Oedipus Rex, by Sophocles, the minor character of Teiresias is responsible for foreshadowing Oedipus’ fate, developing the theme of blindnessRead MoreTheme Of Irony In Oedipus The King827 Words   |  4 PagesThe presence of irony in â€Å"Myth† by Muriel Rukeyser, â€Å"My Oedipus Complex† by Frank O’Connor, and â€Å"Oedipus the King† by Sophocle s link these three literary pieces together. However, each of the works utilize different forms of irony in different levels to specifically present their message. In Rukeyser’s short poem, the narrator uses verbal irony through Oedipus’ conversation with the Sphinx and dramatic irony through Oedipus’ shorthanded conclusions. O’Connor uses situational irony in his short storyRead MoreEssay on Sophocles Clever Use of Dramatic Irony in Oedipus the King831 Words   |  4 PagesDramatic irony depends on the audience’s knowing something that the character does not, and in this play the audience knows Oedipus faith before he knows it himself. In this play there are several parts where Sophocles conveys his plot through dramatic irony. Dramatic irony underlines how partial human perceptive can be even when it is most reasonable and how agonizing it can be to be the costs of the misinterpretation, in some sense foreseeable. Dramatic irony is also use by S ophocles to make theRead MoreThroughout most famous Greek literature, a great hero usually saves the day. In the story of900 Words   |  4 Pagesusually saves the day. In the story of Oedipus though, the good man with one minor flaw goes through great pain. This pain in the play Oedipus Rex is the focal point for the whole play. Almost every aspect of the play builds up and foreshadows Oedipus’ fall from power, and entry into pain. Sophocles in his tragedy Oedipus Rex creates a mood of dramatic irony using the dualities of sight and blindness, and light and darkness. This dramatic irony highlights Oedipus’ hamartia and in doing so SophoclesRead MoreThe Three Themes of Oedipus Rex1106 Words   |  4 PagesThe Three Themes of Oedipus Rex The contrast between trust in the gods oracles and trust in intelligence and pride plays out in Oedipus Rex. Of course, the irony is, that Oedipuss and the oracles’ methods both lead to the same fallout. Oedipuss hunt for truth reveals just that, and the truth confirms the oracles prophecies. Oedipus kills his father and marries his mother. The irony is that the reader knows this from the very start of this Greek drama. There is also irony in the fact thatRead MoreOedipus The King Theme Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pages Oedipus the King: Themes of Blindness and Sight in the Sophocles Oedipus the King What does it mean to truly see? Do those blessed with normal vision really see? Oedipus the King by Sophocles’ is intertwined with many powerful themes and messages, establishing what real vision and real sight are. Sophocles’ play also demonstrates that sometimes in life we have to experience great loss in order to rediscover our true selves. In Oedipus’s quest for truth, lack of self-control, ignoranceRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Oedipus And Othello 982 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus and Othello are two of the most known tragic heroes throughout all of literature. While there are some noticeable differences between the two there are also many similarities between the two characters. With the amount of similarities between the two plays Shakespeare must have been inspired by Oedipus and Sophocles when he was writing Othello. Oedipus the king’s main conflict is based around Greek mythology in that from the time Oedipus is born it is prophesied by the Gods that he is goingRead MoreOedipus Rex Motifs And Symbols1319 Words   |  6 Pages Oedipus Rex Motifs and Symbols The paths (3 crossroads): Expressed three independent ways Oedipus could have chosen to continue his life, and Oedipus chose the inferior road. Oedipus’s legs: Oedipus’s damaged legs and feet symbolize his painful upbringing. As well as this, it represents his mental health, which is damaged just like his feet. Vision: Oedipus can actually see, while Tiresias is actually blind. Yet, even though he can see, Oedipus is blind enough to not recognize that he killedRead MoreSophocles Oedipus the King as Nothing More Than a Detective Story1992 Words   |  8 PagesSophocles Oedipus the King as Nothing More Than a Detective Story The play â€Å"Oedipus the King† is a Greek tragedy written by Sophocles in the early days of antiquity and is based upon an ancient story in Greek mythology. It was written around a time when Rome was in power and Athens was the centre of the world. In this time, people believed that the Gods controlled all and that fate and destiny could never be escaped. Based on the title of this essay, I do believe

The Justification of the Use of Atomic Weapons in World...

The Justification of the Use of Atomic Weapons in World War II Oppenheimer and Einstein-The names even today invoke awe and heated debate in the same breath. Beginning in 1939, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Roosevelt about the possibilities of developing and the establishment of a nuclear bomb for the United States. This letter stated, â€Å"This new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bombs, and it is conceivable—though much less certain—that extremely powerful bombs of this type may be constructed.† (www.ajsoftware.firsthand.com) Einstein stated that the United States needed to secure a supply of uranium ore, either from Canada or Czechoslovakia. Secondly, the United States had to speed up the experimental†¦show more content†¦Along with the German lightning war came the ghettos and the concentration camps used to develop the master race through the extermination of all the undesirables. This Aryan race consisted mainly of fair skinned individuals, preferably with blond hair and blue eyes. All individuals who did not meet these criteria were thrown in the ghettos. These ghettos consisted of many families cramped into a small house and given limited quantities of food. In these ghettos disease and death were rampant. The next stage of the Nazi war machine was headed by the SS, the concentration camps. These camps had the sole purpose of provide a temporary work forcetill the next group of able bodied Jews, and other social misfits, came in by the trainload. By the time Nazi Germany was defeated in 1945, six million European Jews had lost their lives at the hands of the Nazis. (Shirr 112-116) Across the world, on the Pacific Front, Japan was waging a war that followed the samurai code of â€Å"bushed.† This way of life basically called for â€Å"taking of no prisoners.† Japan fought from island to island, using every last man. The Japanese government instructed their soldiers to kill themselves rather than be taken by the Americans. Such a cts as the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the Death March showed America what kind of foe they wereShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits of Dropping an Atomic Bomb on Japan Essay1279 Words   |  6 Pagesthe atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a small city whose death toll rises to 90,000-166,000. On August 9th, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, 60,000–80,000 . In total, 15 million people lost their lives during the duration of the Second World War. In John Herseys book, Hiroshima, he provides a detailed account of six people and how the bombing of Hiroshima affected their lives. John Heresy felt it was important to focus his story on six individuals to create a remembrance that war affectsRead MoreAround Seventy Eight Years Ago, World War Two Was Inevitable997 Words   |  4 Pagesseventy eight years ago, World War Two was inevitable and would last for six years, while becoming one of the world’s greatest conflicts. With the catastrophic effects of The Great War, the fu rther advancement of current technology and the advent of newer warfare, World War Two was set to be the turning point of the twentieth century. The war caused the Berlin wall to separate Germany, it indirectly caused the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. World War Two’s legacy includes TheRead MoreThe Soviet Declaration Of War1352 Words   |  6 PagesThe Soviet declaration of war on Japan exerted even more pressure on Japan, triggering even the emperor to urge the government to just accept the Potsdam Declaration and surrender. Its involvement meant that Japan might be fighting a two-front war as the Soviets had already settled in Japanese-held Manchuria, and had orders to attack Japan s northern and southern isles. This influenced Japan s unconditional surrender as no strategy remained and it may not hope for the Union of Soviet SocialistRead MoreThe War Policy Of Bombing Cities Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesArguments against the statement: 1) The Japanese were Warned Supports of the atomic bombs point out that Japan had been warned and given time to surrender. On July 26, the Potsdam Declaration was sent to Japan as a final ultimatum to accept unconditional surrender. The Allies would accept nothing but unconditional surrender with the document being concluded with â€Å"We call upon the Government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all the Japanese armed forces †¦ the alternative forRead MoreThe Hiroshima Attack On September 6th Failed1458 Words   |  6 Pagescommit itself to a lengthy war. Truman estimated a potential loss of 500,000 lives; he saw the bombs will completely destroy Japan s power to create war...† (Harry S. Truman, 1945) The Hiroshima attack on August 6th failed to be decisive: Japan did not surrender, nor did it seemed pressured by the nuclear attack, according to the U.S. (Harry S. Truman, 1945) Nagasaki was considered vital, because it was a major harbour, a densely populated area and residential to a lucrative trade industry,Read MoreThe War Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki1550 Words   |  7 PagesNagasaki. These instances today still remain the only use of nuclear weapons ever used in the history of the world. Two bombs, two cities, three-hundred thousand casualties, only three days apart. While tragic, this historical event prevented the loss of hundreds of thousands of allied forces and supplies. This still under the presumption the move to overtake Japan with the traditional methods of warfare would work. The bombs carried the allied war machine past the fears of losing the lives of men forRead MorePersuasive Essay On The Atomic Bomb1602 Words   |  7 Pagesan atomic weapon. This project was codenamed â€Å"The Manhattan Project.† The original motivation to create an atomic bomb was out of fear that Nazi Germany was pursuing their own atomic project. When the Unite d States successfully tested their nuclear weapon in July 1945, Germany had already surrendered, and the focus of the Allied powers was on the defeat of Imperial Japan. Ultimately, two atomic bombs were dropped on Japanese cities in early August 1945, leading to the end of the Second World WarRead MoreThe Atomic Bombs On Hiroshima And Nagasaki982 Words   |  4 PagesHiroshima, it only makes me wonder what was going through the mind of President Harry Truman when he gave the â€Å"green light† to drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It has been more than 70 years since that happened and the conclusion of World War II, and yet the legacy remains in our modern day history books and class lectures. But was deploying the atomic bombs on Japan really necessary? What was Truman thinking? And did the end really justify the means? Truly, upon reading Takaki’s HiroshimaRead MorePresident Truman and the First Atomic Bomb Essay1193 Words   |  5 PagesAtomic Bomb E ssay In 1945, World War Two was coming to an end. Following Adolf Hitler’s suicide, and Nazi Germany’s unconditional surrender on May 7, 1945, the war in Europe was finally over. The allies began began postwar planning for future, as well as establishment of post-war order and peace treaties issues. America’s war wasn’t done yet as they were still fighting Japan, eventually pushing them back to their main islandRead MoreNuclear Proliferation : The United States1628 Words   |  7 Pagesrapid increase in numbers, of nuclear weapons among states, has become an incredibly trying and pressing issue in our world today. Tensions between states that have nuclear capabilities are reaching all time highs and fingers are being pointed in every direction. However, the entire issue regarding nuclear proliferation begins with the United States. In 1945, World War II came to an abrupt halt when, on A ugust 6th and August 9th, the U.S. dropped the first atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima

A Game of Thrones Chapter Nineteen Free Essays

Jon The courtyard rang to the song of swords. Under black wool, boiled leather, and mail, sweat trickled icily down Jon’s chest as he pressed the attack. Grenn stumbled backward, defending himself clumsily. We will write a custom essay sample on A Game of Thrones Chapter Nineteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now When he raised his sword, Jon went underneath it with a sweeping blow that crunched against the back of the other boy’s leg and sent him staggering. Grenn’s downcut was answered by an overhand that dented his helm. When he tried a sideswing, Jon swept aside his blade and slammed a mailed forearm into his chest. Grenn lost his footing and sat down hard in the snow. Jon knocked his sword from his fingers with a slash to his wrist that brought a cry of pain. â€Å"Enough!† Ser Alliser Thorne had a voice with an edge like Valyrian steel. Grenn cradled his hand. â€Å"The bastard broke my wrist.† â€Å"The bastard hamstrung you, opened your empty skull, and cut off your hand. Or would have, if these blades had an edge. It’s fortunate for you that the Watch needs stableboys as well as rangers.† Ser Alliser gestured at Jeren and Toad. â€Å"Get the Aurochs on his feet, he has funeral arrangements to make.† Jon took off his helm as the other boys were pulling Grenn to his feet. The frosty morning air felt good on his face. He leaned on his sword, drew a deep breath, and allowed himself a moment to savor the victory. â€Å"That is a longsword, not an old man’s cane,† Ser Alliser said sharply. â€Å"Are your legs hurting, Lord Snow?† Jon hated that name, a mockery that Ser Alliser had hung on him the first day he came to practice. The boys had picked it up, and now he heard it everywhere. He slid the longsword back into its scabbard. â€Å"No,† he replied. Thorne strode toward him, crisp black leathers whispering faintly as he moved. He was a compact man of fifty years, spare and hard, with grey in his black hair and eyes like chips of onyx. â€Å"The truth now,† he commanded. â€Å"I’m tired,† Jon admitted. His arm burned from the weight of the longsword, and he was starting to feel his bruises now that the fight was done. â€Å"What you are is weak.† â€Å"I won.† â€Å"No. The Aurochs lost.† One of the other boys sniggered. Jon knew better than to reply. He had beaten everyone that Ser Alliser had sent against him, yet it gained him nothing. The master-at-arms served up only derision. Thorne hated him, Jon had decided; of course, he hated the other boys even worse. â€Å"That will be all,† Thorne told them. â€Å"I can only stomach so much ineptitude in any one day. If the Others ever come for us, I pray they have archers, because you lot are fit for nothing more than arrow fodder.† Jon followed the rest back to the armory, walking alone. He often walked alone here. There were almost twenty in the group he trained with, yet not one he could call a friend. Most were two or three years his senior, yet not one was half the fighter Robb had been at fourteen. Dareon was quick but afraid of being hit. Pyp used his sword like a dagger, Jeren was weak as a girl, Grenn slow and clumsy. Halder’s blows were brutally hard but he ran right into your attacks. The more time he spent with them, the more Jon despised them. Inside, Jon hung sword and scabbard from a hook in the stone wall, ignoring the others around him. Methodically, he began to strip off his mail, leather, and sweat-soaked woolens. Chunks of coal burned in iron braziers at either end of the long room, but Jon found himself shivering. The chill was always with him here. In a few years he would forget what it felt like to be warm. The weariness came on him suddenly, as he donned the roughspun blacks that were their everyday wear. He sat on a bench, his fingers fumbling with the fastenings on his cloak. So cold, he thought, remembering the warm halls of Winterfell, where the hot waters ran through the walls like blood through a man’s body. There was scant warmth to be found in Castle Black; the walls were cold here, and the people colder. No one had told him the Night’s Watch would be like this; no one except Tyrion Lannister. The dwarf had given him the truth on the road north, but by then it had been too late. Jon wondered if his father had known what the Wall would be like. He must have, he thought; that only made it hurt the worse. Even his uncle had abandoned him in this cold place at the end of the world. Up here, the genial Benjen Stark he had known became a different person. He was First Ranger, and he spent his days and nights with Lord Commander Mormont and Maester Aemon and the other high officers, while Jon was given over to the less than tender charge of Ser Alliser Thorne. Three days after their arrival, Jon had heard that Benjen Stark was to lead a half-dozen men on a ranging into the haunted forest. That night he sought out his uncle in the great timbered common hall and pleaded to go with him. Benjen refused him curtly. â€Å"This is not Winterfell,† he told him as he cut his meat with fork and dagger. â€Å"On the Wall, a man gets only what he earns. You’re no ranger, Jon, only a green boy with the smell of summer still on you.† Stupidly, Jon argued. â€Å"I’ll be fifteen on my name day,† he said. â€Å"Almost a man grown.† Benjen Stark frowned. â€Å"A boy you are, and a boy you’ll remain until Ser Alliser says you are fit to be a man of the Night’s Watch. If you thought your Stark blood would win you easy favors, you were wrong. We put aside our old families when we swear our vows. Your father will always have a place in my heart, but these are my brothers now.† He gestured with his dagger at the men around them, all the hard cold men in black. Jon rose at dawn the next day to watch his uncle leave. One of his rangers, a big ugly man, sang a bawdy song as he saddled his garron, his breath steaming in the cold morning air. Ben Stark smiled at that, but he had no smile for his nephew. â€Å"How often must I tell you no, Jon? We’ll speak when I return.† As he watched his uncle lead his horse into the tunnel, Jon had remembered the things that Tyrion Lannister told him on the kingsroad, and in his mind’s eye he saw Ben Stark lying dead, his blood red on the snow. The thought made him sick. What was he becoming? Afterward he sought out Ghost in the loneliness of his cell, and buried his face in his thick white fur. If he must be alone, he would make solitude his armor. Castle Black had no godswood, only a small sept and a drunken septon, but Jon could not find it in him to pray to any gods, old or new. If they were real, he thought, they were as cruel and implacable as winter. He missed his true brothers: little Rickon, bright eyes shining as he begged for a sweet; Robb, his rival and best friend and constant companion; Bran, stubborn and curious, always wanting to follow and join in whatever Jon and Robb were doing. He missed the girls too, even Sansa, who never called him anything but â€Å"my half brother† since she was old enough to understand what bastard meant. And Arya . . . he missed her even more than Robb, skinny little thing that she was, all scraped knees and tangled hair and torn clothes, so fierce and willful. Arya never seemed to fit, no more than he had . . . yet she could always make Jon smile. He would give anything to be with her now, to muss up her hair once more and watch her make a face, to hear her finish a sentence with him. â€Å"You broke my wrist, bastard boy.† Jon lifted his eyes at the sullen voice. Grenn loomed over him, thick of neck and red of face, with three of his friends behind him. He knew Todder, a short ugly boy with an unpleasant voice. The recruits all called him Toad. The other two were the ones Yoren had brought north with them, Jon remembered, rapers taken down in the Fingers. He’d forgotten their names. He hardly ever spoke to them, if he could help it. They were brutes and bullies, without a thimble of honor between them. Jon stood up. â€Å"I’ll break the other one for you if you ask nicely.† Grenn was sixteen and a head taller than Jon. All four of them were bigger than he was, but they did not scare him. He’d beaten every one of them in the yard. â€Å"Maybe we’ll break you,† one of the rapers said. â€Å"Try.† Jon reached back for his sword, but one of them grabbed his arm and twisted it behind his back. â€Å"You make us look bad,† complained Toad. â€Å"You looked bad before I ever met you,† Jon told him. The boy who had his arm jerked upward on him, hard. Pain lanced through him, but Jon would not cry out. Toad stepped close. â€Å"The little lordling has a mouth on him,† he said. He had pig eyes, small and shiny. â€Å"Is that your mommy’s mouth, bastard? What was she, some whore? Tell us her name. Maybe I had her a time or two.† He laughed. Jon twisted like an eel and slammed a heel down across the instep of the boy holding him. There was a sudden cry of pain, and he was free. He flew at Toad, knocked him backward over a bench, and landed on his chest with both hands on his throat, slamming his head against the packed earth. The two from the Fingers pulled him off, throwing him roughly to the ground. Grenn began to kick at him. Jon was rolling away from the blows when a booming voice cut through the gloom of the armory. â€Å"STOP THIS! NOW!† Jon pulled himself to his feet. Donal Noye stood glowering at them. â€Å"The yard is for fighting,† the armorer said. â€Å"Keep your quarrels out of my armory, or I’ll make them my quarrels. You won’t like that.† Toad sat on the floor, gingerly feeling the back of his head. His fingers came away bloody. â€Å"He tried to kill me.† † ‘S true. I saw it,† one of the rapers put in. â€Å"He broke my wrist,† Grenn said again, holding it out to Noye for inspection. The armorer gave the offered wrist the briefest of glances. â€Å"A bruise. Perhaps a sprain. Maester Aemon will give you a salve. Go with him, Todder, that head wants looking after. The rest of you, return to your cells. Not you, Snow. You stay.† Jon sat heavily on the long wooden bench as the others left, oblivious to the looks they gave him, the silent promises of future retribution. His arm was throbbing. â€Å"The Watch has need of every man it can get,† Donal Noye said when they were alone. â€Å"Even men like Toad. You won’t win any honors killing him.† Jon’s anger flared. â€Å"He said my mother was—† â€Å"—a whore. I heard him. What of it?† â€Å"Lord Eddard Stark was not a man to sleep with whores,† Jon said icily. â€Å"His honor—† â€Å"—did not prevent him from fathering a bastard. Did it?† Jon was cold with rage. â€Å"Can I go?† â€Å"You go when I tell you to go.† Jon stared sullenly at the smoke rising from the brazier, until Noye took him under the chin, thick fingers twisting his head around. â€Å"Look at me when I’m talking to you, boy.† Jon looked. The armorer had a chest like a keg of ale and a gut to match. His nose was flat and broad, and he always seemed in need of a shave. The left sleeve of his black wool tunic was fastened at the shoulder with a silver pin in the shape of a longsword. â€Å"Words won’t make your mother a whore. She was what she was, and nothing Toad says can change that. You know, we have men on the Wall whose mothers were whores.† Not my mother, Jon thought stubbornly. He knew nothing of his mother; Eddard Stark would not talk of her. Yet he dreamed of her at times, so often that he could almost see her face. In his dreams, she was beautiful, and highborn, and her eyes were kind. â€Å"You think you had it hard, being a high lord’s bastard?† the armorer went on. â€Å"That boy Jeren is a septon’s get, and Cotter Pyke is the baseborn son of a tavern wench. Now he commands Eastwatch by the Sea.† â€Å"I don’t care,† Jon said. â€Å"I don’t care about them and I don’t care about you or Thorne or Benjen Stark or any of it. I hate it here. It’s too . . . it’s cold.† â€Å"Yes. Cold and hard and mean, that’s the Wall, and the men who walk it. Not like the stories your wet nurse told you. Well, piss on the stories and piss on your wet nurse. This is the way it is, and you’re here for life, same as the rest of us.† â€Å"Life,† Jon repeated bitterly. The armorer could talk about life. He’d had one. He’d only taken the black after he’d lost an arm at the siege of Storm’s End. Before that he’d smithed for Stannis Baratheon, the king’s brother. He’d seen the Seven Kingdoms from one end to the other; he’d feasted and wenched and fought in a hundred battles. They said it was Donal Noye who’d forged King Robert’s warhammer, the one that crushed the life from Rhaegar Targaryen on the Trident. He’d done all the things that Jon would never do, and then when he was old, well past thirty, he’d taken a glancing blow from an axe and the wound had festered until the whole arm had to come off. Only then, crippled, had Donal Noye come to the Wall, when his life was all but over. â€Å"Yes, life,† Noye said. â€Å"A long life or a short one, it’s up to you, Snow. The road you’re walking, one of your brothers will slit your throat for you one night.† â€Å"They’re not my brothers,† Jon snapped. â€Å"They hate me because I’m better than they are.† â€Å"No. They hate you because you act like you’re better than they are. They look at you and see a castle-bred bastard who thinks he’s a lordling.† The armorer leaned close. â€Å"You’re no lordling. Remember that. You’re a Snow, not a Stark. You’re a bastard and a bully.† â€Å"A bully?† Jon almost choked on the word. The accusation was so unjust it took his breath away. â€Å"They were the ones who came after me. Four of them.† â€Å"Four that you’ve humiliated in the yard. Four who are probably afraid of you. I’ve watched you fight. It’s not training with you. Put a good edge on your sword, and they’d be dead meat; you know it, I know it, they know it. You leave them nothing. You shame them. Does that make you proud?† Jon hesitated. He did feel proud when he won. Why shouldn’t he? But the armorer was taking that away too, making it sound as if he were doing something wrong. â€Å"They’re all older than me,† he said defensively. â€Å"Older and bigger and stronger, that’s the truth. I’ll wager your master-at-arms taught you how to fight bigger men at Winterfell, though. Who was he, some old knight?† â€Å"Ser Rodrik Cassel,† Jon said warily. There was a trap here. He felt it closing around him. Donal Noye leaned forward, into Jon’s face. â€Å"Now think on this, boy. None of these others have ever had a master-at-arms until Ser Alliser. Their fathers were farmers and wagonmen and poachers, smiths and miners and oars on a trading galley. What they know of fighting they learned between decks, in the alleys of Oldtown and Lannisport, in wayside brothels and taverns on the kingsroad. They may have clacked a few sticks together before they came here, but I promise you, not one in twenty was ever rich enough to own a real sword.† His look was grim. â€Å"So how do you like the taste of your victories now, Lord Snow?† â€Å"Don’t call me that!† Jon said sharply, but the force had gone out of his anger. Suddenly he felt ashamed and guilty. â€Å"I never . . . I didn’t think . . . â€Å" â€Å"Best you start thinking,† Noye warned him. â€Å"That, or sleep with a dagger by your bed. Now go.† By the time Jon left the armory, it was almost midday. The sun had broken through the clouds. He turned his back on it and lifted his eyes to the Wall, blazing blue and crystalline in the sunlight. Even after all these weeks, the sight of it still gave him the shivers. Centuries of windblown dirt had pocked and scoured it, covering it like a film, and it often seemed a pale grey, the color of an overcast sky . . . but when the sun caught it fair on a bright day, it shone, alive with light, a colossal blue-white cliff that filled up half the sky. The largest structure ever built by the hands of man, Benjen Stark had told Jon on the kingsroad when they had first caught sight of the Wall in the distance. â€Å"And beyond a doubt the most useless,† Tyrion Lannister had added with a grin, but even the Imp grew silent as they rode closer. You could see it from miles off, a pale blue line across the northern horizon, stretching away to the east and west and vanishing in the far distance, immense and unbroken. This is the end of the world, it seemed to say. When they finally spied Castle Black, its timbered keeps and stone towers looked like nothing more than a handful of toy blocks scattered on the snow, beneath the vast wall of ice. The ancient stronghold of the black brothers was no Winterfell, no true castle at all. Lacking walls, it could not be defended, not from the south, or east, or west; but it was only the north that concerned the Night’s Watch, and to the north loomed the Wall. Almost seven hundred feet high it stood, three times the height of the tallest tower in the stronghold it sheltered. His uncle said the top was wide enough for a dozen armored knights to ride abreast. The gaunt outlines of huge catapults and monstrous wooden cranes stood sentry up there, like the skeletons of great birds, and among them walked men in black as small as ants. As he stood outside the armory looking up, Jon felt almost as overwhelmed as he had that day on the kingsroad, when he’d seen it for the first time. The Wall was like that. Sometimes he could almost forget that it was there, the way you forgot about the sky or the earth underfoot, but there were other times when it seemed as if there was nothing else in the world. It was older than the Seven Kingdoms, and when he stood beneath it and looked up, it made Jon dizzy. He could feel the great weight of all that ice pressing down on him, as if it were about to topple, and somehow Jon knew that if it fell, the world fell with it. â€Å"Makes you wonder what lies beyond,† a familiar voice said. Jon looked around. â€Å"Lannister. I didn’t see—I mean, I thought I was alone.† Tyrion Lannister was bundled in furs so thickly he looked like a very small bear. â€Å"There’s much to be said for taking people unawares. You never know what you might learn.† â€Å"You won’t learn anything from me,† Jon told him. He had seen little of the dwarf since their journey ended. As the queen’s own brother, Tyrion Lannister had been an honored guest of the Night’s Watch. The Lord Commander had given him rooms in the King’s Tower—so-called, though no king had visited it for a hundred years—and Lannister dined at Mormont’s own table and spent his days riding the Wall and his nights dicing and drinking with Ser Alliser and Bowen Marsh and the other high officers. â€Å"Oh, I learn things everywhere I go.† The little man gestured up at the Wall with a gnarled black walking stick. â€Å"As I was saying . . . why is it that when one man builds a wall, the next man immediately needs to know what’s on the other side?† He cocked his head and looked at Jon with his curious mismatched eyes. â€Å"You do want to know what’s on the other side, don’t you?† â€Å"It’s nothing special,† Jon said. He wanted to ride with Benjen Stark on his rangings, deep into the mysteries of the haunted forest, wanted to fight Mance Rayder’s wildlings and ward the realm against the Others, but it was better not to speak of the things you wanted. â€Å"The rangers say it’s just woods and mountains and frozen lakes, with lots of snow and ice.† â€Å"And the grumkins and the snarks,† Tyrion said. â€Å"Let us not forget them, Lord Snow, or else what’s that big thing for?† â€Å"Don’t call me Lord Snow.† The dwarf lifted an eyebrow. â€Å"Would you rather be called the Imp? Let them see that their words can cut you, and you’ll never be free of the mockery. If they want to give you a name, take it, make it your own. Then they can’t hurt you with it anymore.† He gestured with his stick. â€Å"Come, walk with me. They’ll be serving some vile stew in the common hall by now, and I could do with a bowl of something hot.† Jon was hungry too, so he fell in beside Lannister and slowed his pace to match the dwarf’s awkward, waddling steps. The wind was rising, and they could hear the old wooden buildings creaking around them, and in the distance a heavy shutter banging, over and over, forgotten. Once there was a muffled thump as a blanket of snow slid from a roof and landed near them. â€Å"I don’t see your wolf,† Lannister said as they walked. â€Å"I chain him up in the old stables when we’re training. They board all the horses in the east stables now, so no one bothers him. The rest of the time he stays with me. My sleeping cell is in Hardin’s Tower.† â€Å"That’s the one with the broken battlement, no? Shattered stone in the yard below, and a lean to it like our noble king Robert after a long night’s drinking? I thought all those buildings had been abandoned.† Jon shrugged. â€Å"No one cares where you sleep. Most of the old keeps are empty, you can pick any cell you want.† Once Castle Black had housed five thousand fighting men with all their horses and servants and weapons. Now it was home to a tenth that number, and parts of it were falling into ruin. Tyrion Lannister’s laughter steamed in the cold air. â€Å"I’ll be sure to tell your father to arrest more stonemasons, before your tower collapses.† Jon could taste the mockery there, but there was no denying the truth. The Watch had built nineteen great strongholds along the Wall, but only three were still occupied: Eastwatch on its grey windswept shore, the ShadowTower hard by the mountains where the Wall ended, and Castle Black between them, at the end of the kingsroad. The other keeps, long deserted, were lonely, haunted places, where cold winds whistled through black windows and the spirits of the dead manned the parapets. â€Å"It’s better that I’m by myself,† Jon said stubbornly. â€Å"The rest of them are scared of Ghost.† â€Å"Wise boys,† Lannister said. Then he changed the subject. â€Å"The talk is, your uncle is too long away.† Jon remembered the wish he’d wished in his anger, the vision of Benjen Stark dead in the snow, and he looked away quickly. The dwarf had a way of sensing things, and Jon did not want him to see the guilt in his eyes. â€Å"He said he’d be back by my name day,† he admitted. His name day had come and gone, unremarked, a fortnight past. â€Å"They were looking for Ser Waymar Royce, his father is bannerman to Lord Arryn. Uncle Benjen said they might search as far as the ShadowTower. That’s all the way up in the mountains.† â€Å"I hear that a good many rangers have vanished of late,† Lannister said as they mounted the steps to the common hall. He grinned and pulled open the door. â€Å"Perhaps the grumkins are hungry this year.† Inside, the hall was immense and drafty, even with a fire roaring in its great hearth. Crows nested in the timbers of its lofty ceiling. Jon heard their cries overhead as he accepted a bowl of stew and a heel of black bread from the day’s cooks. Grenn and Toad and some of the others were seated at the bench nearest the warmth, laughing and cursing each other in rough voices. Jon eyed them thoughtfully for a moment. Then he chose a spot at the far end of the hall, well away from the other diners. Tyrion Lannister sat across from him, sniffing at the stew suspiciously. â€Å"Barley, onion, carrot,† he muttered. â€Å"Someone should tell the cooks that turnip isn’t a meat.† â€Å"It’s mutton stew.† Jon pulled off his gloves and warmed his hands in the steam rising from the bowl. The smell made his mouth water. â€Å"Snow.† Jon knew Alliser Thorne’s voice, but there was a curious note in it that he had not heard before. He turned. â€Å"The Lord Commander wants to see you. Now.† For a moment Jon was too frightened to move. Why would the Lord Commander want to see him? They had heard something about Benjen, he thought wildly, he was dead, the vision had come true. â€Å"Is it my uncle?† he blurted. â€Å"Is he returned safe?† â€Å"The Lord Commander is not accustomed to waiting,† was Ser Alliser’s reply. â€Å"And I am not accustomed to having my commands questioned by bastards.† Tyrion Lannister swung off the bench and rose. â€Å"Stop it, Thorne. You’re frightening the boy.† â€Å"Keep out of matters that don’t concern you, Lannister. You have no place here.† â€Å"I have a place at court, though,† the dwarf said, smiling. â€Å"A word in the right ear, and you’ll die a sour old man before you get another boy to train. Now tell Snow why the Old Bear needs to see him. Is there news of his uncle?† â€Å"No,† Ser Alliser said. â€Å"This is another matter entirely. A bird arrived this morning from Winterfell, with a message that concerns his brother.† He corrected himself. â€Å"His half brother.† â€Å"Bran,† Jon breathed, scrambling to his feet. â€Å"Something’s happened to Bran.† Tyrion Lannister laid a hand on his arm. â€Å"Jon,† he said. â€Å"I am truly sorry.† Jon scarcely heard him. He brushed off Tyrion’s hand and strode across the hall. He was running by the time he hit the doors. He raced to the Commander’s Keep, dashing through drifts of old snow. When the guards passed him, he took the tower steps two at a time. By the time he burst into the presence of the Lord Commander, his boots were soaked and Jon was wild-eyed and panting. â€Å"Bran,† he said. â€Å"What does it say about Bran?† Jeor Mormont, Lord Commander of the Night’s Watch, was a gruff old man with an immense bald head and a shaggy grey beard. He had a raven on his arm, and he was feeding it kernels of corn. â€Å"I am told you can read.† He shook the raven off, and it flapped its wings and flew to the window, where it sat watching as Mormont drew a roll of paper from his belt and handed it to Jon. â€Å"Corn,† it muttered in a raucous voice. â€Å"Corn, corn.† Jon’s finger traced the outline of the direwolf in the white wax of the broken seat. He recognized Robb’s hand, but the letters seemed to blur and run as he tried to read them. He realized he was crying. And then, through the tears, he found the sense in the words, and raised his head. â€Å"He woke up,† he said. â€Å"The gods gave him back.† â€Å"Crippled,† Mormont said. â€Å"I’m sorry, boy. Read the rest of the letter.† He looked at the words, but they didn’t matter. Nothing mattered. Bran was going to live. â€Å"My brother is going to live,† he told Mormont. The Lord Commander shook his head, gathered up a fistful of corn, and whistled. The raven flew to his shoulder, crying, â€Å"Live! Live!† Jon ran down the stairs, a smile on his face and Robb’s letter in his hand. â€Å"My brother is going to live,† he told the guards. They exchanged a look. He ran back to the common hall, where he found Tyrion Lannister just finishing his meal. He grabbed the little man under the arms, hoisted him up in the air, and spun him around in a circle. â€Å"Bran is going to live!† he whooped. Lannister looked startled. Jon put him down and thrust the paper into his hands. â€Å"Here, read it,† he said. Others were gathering around and looking at him curiously. Jon noticed Grenn a few feet away. A thick woolen bandage was wrapped around one hand. He looked anxious and uncomfortable, not menacing at all. Jon went to him. Grenn edged backward and put up his hands. â€Å"Stay away from me now, you bastard.† Jon smiled at him. â€Å"I’m sorry about your wrist. Robb used the same move on me once, only with a wooden blade. It hurt like seven hells, but yours must be worse. Look, if you want, I can show you how to defend that.† Alliser Thorne overheard him. â€Å"Lord Snow wants to take my place now.† He sneered. â€Å"I’d have an easier time teaching a wolf to juggle than you will training this aurochs.† â€Å"I’ll take that wager, Ser Alliser,† Jon said. â€Å"I’d love to see Ghost juggle.† Jon heard Grenn suck in his breath, shocked. Silence fell. Then Tyrion Lannister guffawed. Three of the black brothers joined in from a nearby table. The laughter spread up and down the benches, until even the cooks joined in. The birds stirred in the rafters, and finally even Grenn began to chuckle. Ser Alliser never took his eyes from Jon. As the laughter rolled around him, his face darkened, and his sword hand curled into a fist. â€Å"That was a grievous error, Lord Snow,† he said at last in the acid tones of an enemy. How to cite A Game of Thrones Chapter Nineteen, Essay examples

Maritime Law for Property Damages - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMaritime Law for Property Damages. Answer: Introduction There are two fundamental rights that have been addressed in relation to the Maritime Law that are faced quite often. These issues are that who will be entitled to sue the cargo when there is damage or loss. And the other issue is in relation to the carrier, who the carrier can sue when loss has been incurred. The problem is seen in every case where there is claim made against the carrier. If the party cannot sue the shipper under the claims made against the carrier it will not be able to even if the cargo does not oblige by its duty and causes the loss or the damages. The other matter is often seen in the case when the carrier has suffered loss because of transportation of goods, if the freight has not been paid or the vessels were seriously injured during the transportation by the cargo of the harmful cargos. Such issues are particularly important in the case when the carrier is not able to recover the loss that has been made cannot be recovered from the shipper with whom the contract has been made for the carriage there is need to make the claims opposing the parties. There are two issues that are often brought up due to the party that wants to sue the cargo or the other party because of whom the cargo is made liable they are mostly the party in the contract of the carriage. The main object of the partys right and the liabilities in the cargo of the goods and services over the sea is often known as the document that has now been used over more than hundred years is the bill of lading. This bill of lading has been main scope by which the third parties such as the buyers or the banks who are usually not a party to the contract of the carriage that has been entered among the shipper and the carrier having the rights and the liabilities in the contract of the carriage. The most vital place of the bill of lading is in relation to the giving title to sue and be sued. Body of Opinion Facts A ship was chartered by Wong Ting Fung Ltd in Hong Kong to Ernest Bart Shipping Pty Ltd in Adelaide to ship 7,000 steel coins to Mr. Yeung in Hong Kong. A contract was made between shipper and the shipping party including the bill of lading. In the port at Adelaide the master was not very familiar with them carriage of steel in such form although Bart Shipping Pty Ltd protested that the steel was normal the master wrote it to be rusted on the bill of lading. The bank that had financed Yeung under credit was instructed to only accept a clear letter in relation to the bill of lading. Thus, the bill of lading was disapproved but after certain negotiations Yeung agreed to accept the steel coins from Bart Shipping Company at a discounted price. But when the ship arrived Yeung was given the bill of lading which had only 6,000 coils due to some serious damage that took place before loading. Issue Bart Shipping Pty Ltd and Yeung have to be advised regarding their rights and liabilities in relation to the rights and the liabilities of the shipper and the carrier along with the laws related to the bill of lading. Bart Shipping Company had chartered their ship from Wong Ting Fung Shipping Ltd to carry 7,000 steel coils to Mr. Yeung in Hong Kong. All the clauses were mentioned in the contract which was agreed by both including the bill of lading. Rule With respect to the English position the two acts play a crucial role, Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 and the earlier on was 1855 Bills of Lading Act along with the reports of the Law Reform Committee and the case laws (Ajaja 2015). The UNCITRAL Draft Convention, in relation to the Draft Convention itself will help in determining the right and liabilities of the shipper and the shipment. The bill of lading is an important document in the international trade. The contract between Bart Shipping and Mr. Yeung can be explained here, in the case of the international sales, the shipper that is the seller mostly makes a contract with the shipper to transport and delivery of the products to a third party (Baatz 2013). The person to whom the goods are sold are the buyers, there are times when the delivery has to made to the banks that have sponsored the buying of goods and the services when the goods are under the bill of lading and are given to the bank as a form of security. It becomes crucial for the third parties that are able to receive the obligations in the contract under the bill of lading as they are often those who bear the damage to the goods at the time of transportation period (Brodie 2014). Under the common law of privity, the third parties are not able to sue the carriers under the contract of carriage. The rule states that the parties to the contract may sue or be sued on it. Although the shipper can sue the shipper is the party to make an agreement with the carriage, the common laws has not allowed them to get back the obvious damages if he has not incurred the loss. This has been considered very unsatisfactory in the state of affairs as the buyers would be often left without any solution in the contract when damage takes place in the cargo (Cai 2016). Although the buyer can sue the carrier by other means. In case of torts, there are other alternative which are very complicated and on the grounds of such claim it becomes difficult to establish it (Croucher 2016). In the case, Dunlop v Lambert the problem was in relation to the common law the solution to the privities problem that was developed. In this case, court had allowed the shipper that had entered into a contract of carriage with the shipper who did not suffer any loss himself to get back the obvious damages (Cooper 2016). The consignee or the endorsee of the bill of lading needs the contractual rights under the bill when the property in the goods has passed to him upon or by the reason of such consignments (Jafari 2015. The link between the transfer of the property rights and the acquisition if the contractual rights however turned out to be a problem in certain cases. Under section 1 of the Bill of Lading Act, for a consignee to gain the rights of the suit and to acquire the contractual rights the property in the goods have to be passed to him either upon or by the reason of such endorsements (Schoenbaum 2015). Application The transferee in not obliged by each terms and conditions of the agreement of the cargo and are just obliged to the rights and the liabilities in relation to the bill of lading. This implies that the first contract that was made between the shipper and the bearer had distinctive terms that were highlighted in the bill of lading, these terms and conditions of the bill of lading will have an upper hand in deciding the extent the rights and the liabilities of the transferee. The outcome of the case Leduc v Ward, there was an agreement between the shipper and the bearer that allowed deviation of Glasgow. However it may look like, there was no such deviation that was allowed in the agreement between the transporter and the endorsee. Since there was no sign of the bill of lading allowing such deviation consequently, the endorsee had a real claim against the transporter. the result of the case, Sewell v Burdick is that it had prevented the bank from being obliged under the agreement of the cargo, it additionally kept the bank from bringing the claim against the transporter under the agreement of the carriage. Under the validity of the caase, the products if the goods and the services were damaged there would be breach of contract causing the bank and its security to diminish and the bank would rather not sue the transporter as the bank had the exceptional property and not the general property. Under section 1 of the bill of lading act. In such kind of cases the bank will be left with no other option but to rely on the remedies of the common law. Under section 1 of the 1855 Act it gives the endorsee the power to be liable in relation to the products in the contract and the bill of lading. Conclusion The rights and the liabilities that have to be advised to Bart Shipping Company and Mr. Yeung are mentioned under the 1992 Carriage of Goods by Sea Act and the common law, it can be seen that the parties that have the right to sue the cargo under and the party that the carrier is entitled to sue. The main object of the law in this area is to balance the commercial interest of the three parties that are mentioned in every bill of lading contract that are the carrier, the shipper and the consignee or the indorse. If the law does not properly protect the interest of the various parties or does not impose the other right and the duties on the specific parties, in that case the law usually becomes ineffective and the merchants will find another way instead of the bills of lading in order to meet their requirements. The law will be ineffective if the parties and their rights and liabilities cannot be easily distinguished. Thousands of bills of lading are issued everyday and such bills will be considered useless if they have to be studied with the help of a lawyer or have to go to the court in order to know their rights and liabilities. Under the English law which highlights the 1992 Carriage of Goods by Sea Act as well as the common law have together provided an effective framework within which the carrier, the shipper and the transferee can function. The intention behind the UNCITRAL Draft Convention is considered noble but there is need for uniform laws for the transfer of the rights and the liabilities under the bill of lading, the Draft Convention is presently not very effective and has not proved itself better than the existing English law. Reference List: Ahmadi, M.R.A., Elsan, M. and Noshadi, I., 2017. Comparative Study of Bill of Lading Function as Title Document.J. Pol. L.,10, p.188. Ajaja, O., 2015. Electronic Bills of Lading: An Easier Way to Sea Carriage. Baatz, Y., Debattista, C., Lorenzon, F., Serdy, A., Staniland, H. and Tsimplis, M.N., 2013.The Rotterdam Rules: a practical annotation. CRC Press. Bae, H.S. and Lee, Y.K., 2016. Role of Delivery Order in International Container Transportation. Brodie, P., 2014.Commercial shipping handbook. CRC Press. Bury, D.A., 2016. Electronic Bills of Lading: A Never-Ending Story.Tul. Mar. LJ,41, p.197. Cai, Q., 2013, August. Delivery of Goods without Original Bills of Lading: A Survey of Recent Law and Practice in China. In2013 International Conference on Education, Management and Social Science (ICEMSS-13). Atlantis Press. Cooke, J., Young, T., Ashcroft, M., Taylor, A., Kimball, J., Martowski, D., Lambert, L. and Sturley, M., 2014.Voyage charters. CRC Press. Cooper, K., 2016. Shipping. Croucher, T.M.S., 2016.Changing the Rules: An evaluation of whether the Norwegian Maritime Code should implement the Rotterdam Rules approach to transferring obligations and rights through the trading of bills of lading(Master's thesis, The University of Bergen). Hu, J.Z. and Sun, S., 2016. A Study on the Updating of the Law on Carriage of Goods by Sea in China.Austl. NZ Mar. LJ,30, p.114. Jafari, F., 2015. The concerns of the shipping industry regarding the application of electronic bills of lading in practice amid technological change. Kim, S. and Kim, J., 2016. The Legal Effect of the Unknown Clause in a Bill of Lading under the International Rules.NCJ Int'l L.,42, p.75. Kozolchyk, B., 2016. The Modernization and Harmonization of the Commercial Law in the Twenty-First Century: The Need for a New Research and Drafting Methodology.Ariz. J. Int'l Comp. L.,33, p.25. Lee, B.M., 2014. Causal and Stipulatory Attributes of Bills of Lading under Korean Law.Journal of Korea Trade,18(4), pp.85-105. Mllmann, A., 2016.Delivery of Goods under Bills of Lading. Routledge. Schoenbaum, T.J., 2015. An Evaluation of the Rotterdam Rules. InThe Hamburg Lectures on Maritime Affairs 2011-2013(pp. 21-43). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tang, O., Lau, Y.Y., Tam, K.C. and Ng, A.K., 2014. A critical review of the evolution of the Maritime Code in the People's Republic of China.Asian Geographer,31(2), pp.115-127. Weinmann, J., 2014.Identifying the carrier-The effect and validity of demise-and identity of carrier clauses in bills of lading-a comparative study(Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town). Zhang, J., 2014. Transport documents and bank's security.