THE THREAT OF BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AND POSSIBLE PREVENTATIVE MEASURES :: essays research papers

The Threat of Biological Warfare and Possible Preventative MeasuresThe events of September 11,2001, have made the threat of terrorism on our mainland very real. The twin towers were made into rubble that day, along with the lives of the many people touched by the overwhelming loss of life that occurred that day. Now, if that isnt enough to wield with, in creeps the specter of bio-terrorism. Biological weapons are devices intended to deliberately disseminate disease producing organisms or toxins in food, water, by insect, or as an aerosol. type B anthracis, the organism that causes anthrax, has been bandied about the media and the American public has been saturated by stories of possible cases and fatalities. One agent not often discussed but every bit as horrifying as anthrax is smallpox. variola is an acute, highly contagious virus disease characterized by prolonged fever, vomiting, and pustular eruptions that often leave pitted scars, or pockmarks, when better as defined by Web sters New World College Dictionary. Smallpox, commands respect and the concern of the American public along with that terrorism, of the biological variety, however improbable, is very possible. Smallpox was once large in scope before vaccinations. At one point or another, everyone was going to contract it. A release of smallpox in aerosol form would scatter readily, and because of its stability in aerosol form would prove very formidable even in a small dose. pull down mention of a group of smallpox cases can cause national panic and a possible public outcry for national emergency tame measures to be taken. Several 2factors cause the concern smallpox has historically been feared as one of the well-nigh serious of all pestilential diseases, it physically disfigures, it bears a thirty percent fatality rate, it can be spread person to person, primarily by droplet nuclei expelled from the oropharynx of the infected person or by aerosol . Items most often thought as harmless, such as clothing or bed linen, could also spread the virus. After an incubation of about ten to cardinal days, the patient experiences high fever and pain. Then a rash begins which forms into scabs by the seventh of eighth day. Between twenty-five and thirty percent of all unvaccinated patients die of the disease (1).Smallpox, anthrax and plague head the list of agents that can be used for bio-warfare. None of these agents has so far effectively been deployed as a biological weapon, and thus no real world events exist to provide likely scenarios (1).

High Altitude Climbing :: essays research papers fc

High stature climbing is a very dangerous sport, well, we wont call it a sport, it is more like a profession for highly skilled individuals. High raising climbing is when mountain climbers decide that they want to climb higherand more difficult mountains. To do this they acquire the right training and also need to know the effects of high altitude climbing to their bodies. The proboscis attempts to maintain a state of homeostasis or balance wheel to ensure the optimal operating environment for its complex chemical systems. Any change from this homeostasis is a change away from the best possible operating environment. The body attempts to correct this imbalance. One such imbalance is the effect of increasing altitude on the bodys ability to provide adequate oxygen to be utilized in cellular respiration. With an increase in elevation, a typical occurrence when climbing mountains, the body is forced to respond in various ways to the changes in foreign environment. Foremost of the se changes is the diminished ability to obtain oxygen from the atmosphere. If the adaptive responses to this stressor are inadequate the performance of body systems may decline dramatically. If prolonged the results can be serious or even fatal. In looking at the effect of altitude on body functioning we first must understand what occurs in the external environment at higher elevations and then observe the important changes that occur in the internal environment of the body in response. In discussing altitude change and its effect on the body mountaineers generally define altitude according to the scale of high (8,000 - 12,000 feet), very high (12,000 - 18,000 feet), and extremely high (18,000+ feet), (Hubble, 1995). A common misperception of the change in external environment with increased altitude is that there is decreased oxygen. This is not correct as the concentration of oxygen at sea level is about 21% and stays relatively unchanged until over 50,000 feet (Johnson, 1988). Wh at is really happening is that the atmospheric pressure is decreasing and subsequently the tot up of oxygen available in a single breath of air is significantly less. At sea level the barometric pressure averages 760 mmHg while at 12,000 feet it is only 483 mmHg. This decrease in total atmospheric pressure means that there are 40% fewer oxygen molecules per breath at this altitude compared to sea level (Princeton, 1995). The pulmonary surface and the thickness of the alveolar membranes are not directly affected by a change in altitude.

Personal Growth Experience :: essays research papers

Personal Growth ExperienceAs a mother I have cared and tried to push my son&8217s education so that he can succeed in his life. I came from a large family in Brazil. I wasn&8217t the only child I learned to share, how provide for myself, and for my 3 sisters, and 3 brothers. My father was a serious man he had a job, and still came stem to provide for all of us. During suppertime he insisted that everyone had to be home and had to sit down at the table and talk about their day. This was a must in my family too. The reason why he had that rule was because he was a religious man, and meals should be shared with the family as well as conversations. No one had any choice of not sit at the table, unless we didn&8217t want to eat. When I had a child, I waited for the right time to have one. I didn&8217t want to rush into motherhood office until I had everything in order to support my child. My husband had to find a job, and so did I. We had a house, a car, and jobs to support my child w e were ready. When my child was born, I chose to go to the United States of America, so that my child can have a better life. In Brazil, the education is not challenging, and not recognized in other separate of the world as a higher education. For him to have a better education, a better standard of living, and for him to have what we never had, we had to give up our lives in Brazil. As the years went by I was always there for my son. Through my eyes as he grows older, he is still the little boy that I held in my arms for the first time. In his teenage years I have seen him grow further away from me. Every day when he gets home he goes to his room without talking to me, or saying anything about his day. I guess that is what all kids go through in these years, because of the stage of exploration of parvenu things in life. Like driving, video games, girls, and puberty. I still love my son, and even if he doesn&8217t want to talk to me then I guess he has everything in order in his li fe.

Law and Slave Identity in Dred and Puddnhead Wilson Essays -- African

Law and Slave Identity in Dred and Puddnhead Wilson What is a knuckle down? A slave, harmonize to many of the laws in the individual slave states during the 19th century, was an hold of property, a thing, and an object not human. However, agree to another, the 3/5 Compromise of 1787, a slave was worth 3/5 of a white man. The existence of the Southern states was heavily African, and this compromise enabled them to count those slaves as 3/5 of a citizen in order to get more representation in Congress. What does that intend for interpretations of the law? Can a thing be tried for murder, or is a slave a man who has committed only 3/5 of the abuse? Unfortunately, laws often have an equivocalness that allows them to be misinterpreted. In the case of American slave laws, the ambiguity was such that the indistinguishability of the slave could be misinterpreted or dismantle manipulated to serve unjust social practices.Furthermore, one of the interpretations of the slaves identit y is as a child low the guardianship of the slave master. If this translation were correct, however, the slave should have the unspoilt of protection under the law. But as said before, state law claims that a slave is a thing and therefore warrants no protection. The laws of slavery in the 19th century were ambiguous to the point that no one legal definition of a slave or a slaves rights could be made according to the law. Both Harriet Beecher Stowe and Mark Twain experimented with this ambiguity of identity and the laws surrounding it in their novels Dred and Puddnhead Wilson.The lawyers in Dred and Puddnhead Wilson be Edward Clayton and David (Puddnhead) Wilson. Both of these lawyers are given the opportunity to interpret the identity of the slave during trial... ...ecting themselves from the bite.If you pick up a starving dog and make him prosperous, he get out not bite you. This is the principal difference between a dog and a man. Puddnhead Wilsons Calendar. (Twain 99) Wor ks CitedCarton, Evan. Puddnhead Wilson and the Fiction of Law and Custom. Ed. Eric J. Sundquist. American Realism New Essays. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.Crane, Gregg. Stowe and the Law. Cindy Weinstein. The Cambridge swain to Harriet Beecher Stowe. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2004.Slavery and Indentured Servants. Law Library of Congress. 9 Dec. 2004 < http//memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awlaw3/slavery.html.Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Dred A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp. Ed. Robert S. Levine. New York Penguin Books, 2000.Twain, Mark. Puddnhead Wilson. New York Bantum Books, 1981. Law and Slave Identity in Dred and Puddnhead Wilson Essays -- AfricanLaw and Slave Identity in Dred and Puddnhead Wilson What is a slave? A slave, according to many of the laws in the individual slave states during the 19th century, was an article of property, a thing, and an object not human. However, according to another, the 3/5 Compromise of 1787, a slav e was worth 3/5 of a white man. The population of the Southern states was heavily African, and this compromise enabled them to count those slaves as 3/5 of a citizen in order to get more representation in Congress. What does that mean for interpretations of the law? Can a thing be tried for murder, or is a slave a man who has committed only 3/5 of the crime? Unfortunately, laws often have an ambiguity that allows them to be misinterpreted. In the case of American slave laws, the ambiguity was such that the identity of the slave could be misinterpreted or even manipulated to serve unjust social practices.Furthermore, one of the interpretations of the slaves identity is as a child under the guardianship of the slave master. If this translation were correct, however, the slave should have the right of protection under the law. But as said before, state law claims that a slave is a thing and therefore warrants no protection. The laws of slavery in the 19th century were ambiguous to the point that no one legal definition of a slave or a slaves rights could be made according to the law. Both Harriet Beecher Stowe and Mark Twain experimented with this ambiguity of identity and the laws surrounding it in their novels Dred and Puddnhead Wilson.The lawyers in Dred and Puddnhead Wilson are Edward Clayton and David (Puddnhead) Wilson. Both of these lawyers are given the opportunity to interpret the identity of the slave during trial... ...ecting themselves from the bite.If you pick up a starving dog and make him prosperous, he will not bite you. This is the principal difference between a dog and a man. Puddnhead Wilsons Calendar. (Twain 99) Works CitedCarton, Evan. Puddnhead Wilson and the Fiction of Law and Custom. Ed. Eric J. Sundquist. American Realism New Essays. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.Crane, Gregg. Stowe and the Law. Cindy Weinstein. The Cambridge Companion to Harriet Beecher Stowe. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2004.Slavery and Inde ntured Servants. Law Library of Congress. 9 Dec. 2004 < http//memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/awlaw3/slavery.html.Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Dred A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp. Ed. Robert S. Levine. New York Penguin Books, 2000.Twain, Mark. Puddnhead Wilson. New York Bantum Books, 1981.

Ambiguity and Understanding of Chaucers Troilus and Criseyde Essays

Ambiguity and Understanding of Chaucers Troilus and Criseyde One of the aspects of Chaucers Troilus and Criseyde that seemed most confusing at first was the apparent ambiguity or complete lack of indigence that the author provides for the main characters. Chaucer provides little explanation for why his major characters act the way that they do when he does, his explanations are often ambiguous or contradictory. Pandarus is an elegant example of a character whose motives are ambiguous. The only motives clearly attributable to him based on the poems text seem to be the friendship and affection he and Troilus have for each other, which is supported by the narrators claim that Pandarus ... was desirous to serve his fulle frend. (Chaucer 1.1058-9) a voyeuristic instinct (which could be supported by pointing out that Pandarus seems to pose opportunities for Troilus and Criseyde to tryst, as much as possible, in his presence -- for instance, his presence for an unspecified length of ti me during the night Troilus and Criseyde spend in his guest room) and a press to vicariously fulfill, through his friend Troilus, those romantic desires which have been thwarted throughout life. This last (and perhaps most supportable) explanation is suggested by the constant identifications that Pandarus makes with Troilus, by verbalize myn avys anoon may helpen us and in asking Troilus if Fortune oure joie wold han overthrowe, and by his explanation that I ... nevere felte in my servyse / A frendly cheere or lokyng of an eye. (1.620, 4.385, 4.397-8) All of these motives for Chaucers Pandarus could be supported, but no(prenominal) seems clearly to be more plausible than any of the others. However, for these vaguely defined motives,... ...uld be portrayed as less happy he has lost Criseyde, has been denied strike back against her new lover, and is dead. It is hard to imagine a more forceful combination of facts with writing to make a point. As if to drive it home, Chaucers narr ator then refers to Jove, Apollo, ... vitiate as swich rascaille, or rabble. Subtleties of middle English can be confusing for a new reader and first, and entente is a word with subtle variations in meaning and a variety of connotations. Properly understood, though, it adds a great deal to an understanding of Chaucers Troilus. References Chaucer, Geoffrey. Troilus and Criseyde in The Riverside Chaucer. General Ed. Benson, Larry D. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1987. Tatlock, John S.P., and Arthur G. Kennedy. A capital of New Hampshire to the Complete Work of Geoffrey Chaucer. Gloucester Peter Smith, 1963.

Ambiguity and Understanding of Chaucers Troilus and Criseyde Essays

Ambiguity and Understanding of Chaucers Troilus and Criseyde One of the aspects of Chaucers Troilus and Criseyde that seemed most confusing at first was the apparent ambiguity or complete lack of motivation that the author provides for the main characters. Chaucer provides little explanation for why his major characters act the guidance that they do when he does, his explanations are often ambiguous or contradictory. Pandarus is an excellent example of a character whose motives are ambiguous. The only motives clearly attributable to him establish on the poems text seem to be the friendship and affection he and Troilus have for each other, which is supported by the narrators claim that Pandarus ... was desirous to serve his fulle frend. (Chaucer 1.1058-9) a voyeuristic instinct (which could be supported by pointing out that Pandarus seems to arrange opportunities for Troilus and Criseyde to tryst, as much as possible, in his presence -- for instance, his presence for an unspecifie d duration of time during the night Troilus and Criseyde spend in his guest room) and a wish to vicariously fulfill, through his friend Troilus, those romantic desires which have been thwarted throughout life. This ultimately (and perhaps most supportable) explanation is suggested by the constant identifications that Pandarus makes with Troilus, by saying myn avys anoon may helpen us and in asking Troilus if Fortune oure joie wold han overthrowe, and by his explanation that I ... nevere felte in my servyse / A frendly cheere or lokyng of an eye. (1.620, 4.385, 4.397-8) All of these motives for Chaucers Pandarus could be supported, but none seems clearly to be more plausible than any of the others. However, for these vaguely defined motives,... ...uld be portrayed as less happy he has lost Criseyde, has been denied revenge against her new lover, and is dead. It is hard to imagine a more forceful combination of facts with musical composition to make a point. As if to drive it home, Chaucers narrator then refers to Jove, Apollo, ... Mars as swich rascaille, or rabble. Subtleties of middle English can be confusing for a new reader and first, and entente is a word with subtle variations in meaning and a variety of connotations. Properly understood, though, it adds a great deal to an spirit of Chaucers Troilus. References Chaucer, Geoffrey. Troilus and Criseyde in The Riverside Chaucer. General Ed. Benson, Larry D. Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1987. Tatlock, John S.P., and Arthur G. Kennedy. A Concordance to the Complete Work of Geoffrey Chaucer. Gloucester Peter Smith, 1963.

Political Campaign Videos Essay

Shifts in the campaign exacts The Sky is the Limit by George supply and A New Beginning by Ronald Reagan essential take a shit been actually evident to expert media critics, but were not at all noticeable for average reasonable television viewers, making the films much effective materials in campaign. Let us first take a look at the campaign film of George render. The first of the film A New Beginning assiduous the viewers to listen and take a look at Bush ad hominem life. It contained fourth dimensions of Bush father, mother and wife talking about him and that is where personal or emotional appeal comes in, because it was the family of Bush speaking.Bush parents talked about how loving and wonderful he is as a son. Even his love life was discussed by his wife, rotund the audience that Bush is a type of person who keeps his words which he proved when he married Laura right away as promised. At this aboriginal part of the film, the film follow outmed to be just a simple d ocumentary of George Bush personal life, until a clip of George Bush saying I am the person who likes to smile came in. He was saying that he likes to laugh, with his face extremely closed up while driving, followed by a very short clip showing himself laughing at a political assembly.This, because, is the start of political campaign and is also the first commove in the movie. The skid was made very subtly, though, because there was a mix of personal appeal and political campaign. The next clip was Carlos Ramirez talking about Bush being a person complete of family value. season the topic was still very personal, the interviewee was a political person, Carlos Ramirez being the mayor of El Paso. With this, the combination of politics and personal appeal was created, signaling the hour shift that was about to happen.This is indeed a clue that the next shift will be from personal-political to something thats rigorously political. The third shift is marked by an interview with Er nie Ladd, a co-founder of a mentoring program for leadership called PULL. Ernie Ladd was talking about Bush performance as a leader. When the topic is about leadership, it clearly shows that the actual focus of the clip was into politics. To soften the blow, Bush was shown on TV again, being back to a regular guy for another shot at personal appeal.Then again, it was still political because here, he was talking about change. At first, he was sympathizing over children who were coming from very difficult situations and comparing it to his wonderful life. He said he requireed to change this and make lives better for all children, while uttering the purely political line This is the reason why I want to run as a governor of Texas. The campaign, at this stage, is at its full swing. Another shift was created, but this time, there was an effort in emphasizing the goals of Bush in the elections.Phyllis Hunter, a representative from READ of the state of Texas, talked about changed which Bush caused in the state. She further explained the positive changes which took place in Texas which may not induct been impossible without Bush. She gave testimonials on how helpful Bush is as a person which flock be seen through her exact words, I have seen a immense difference since he has been governor of the state of Texas in the amount of supports that we have to help us as educators reach the standards. He said if you need it, well take away it for you.We have websites, we have grant programs, we have teacher training in the state of Texas, and we have George leading the way (Parmelee, 2003, p. 52). From this point, the film became highly political because what were shown were purely campaign materials. There was Bush talking to kids while reading their letters to him, in which a letter even contained a wish for Bush to win. Here, Bush tells the kids that he hopes he wins, too. This campaign material was given drama and personal appeal when the kids were involved.Lastly , Bush was uttering the words Im confident I can do the job that people want me to do. Im a proud member of my party, but Im more than that Im an American. I love my country. I love what America stands for. Im going to remind people that were lucky to be Americans (Parmelee, 2003, p. 52). Ending the film is a song entitled We the People matched with a loud applause. Ronald Raegans film A New Beginning, on the other hand, starts with a footage of his inauguration. While uttering his constitutional oath, a montage of Americans leading a normal life was overlapping with his voice.His oath, then, functioned as a voice over to regular citizens who tended animals, tilled the lands, worked in offices, and the likes. It was indeed a technique that made the film strong because the film was able to make portray that the heroes of the United States are the Americans, and not Ronald Raegan himself. From this scene, a shift was made to Raegan talking about how he finds his job in the political arena, saying that hearing honest views while having meetings coming from the executive branch of the disposal makes him inspired as a political leader.After mentioning people from the executive branch, the film shifts to ordinary people again, giving testimonials on how they have learned values like patriotism, respect and pride because of Reagan. It was in the fourth shift when a sudden change can be noticed, because the music suddenly became dramatic, having the lyrics Freedom, they cant take that away, I am proud to be an American as a contributing factor to the emotional appeal.This part extended to a hardly a(prenominal) minutes (as long as the whole song) and converted the film temporarily into a music video until it was cut to a few clips showing Reagans trips to demilitarized zones in Asia. In this shift, the film showcased the military power of a country where Reagan shows how delighted he is to hear pride among soldiers. He then meets the soldiers from South Korea and g reets then one by one with the words I am proud to know you. This way, he is sending the message that we should emulate his behaviour of acknowledging these soldiers or heroes everytime we see them.Testimonials from ordinary Americans are inserted again, in which everyone says that they get to spend more money and they can feel the progress of the economy since Raegan led the nation. The topic of inflation was also discussed, with statistics mentioned to prove that he is most concerned with inflation and security of elders. The music in this scene is lively and taking, followed, again, by testimonials from other people. The most dramatic shift comes with the topic of the assassination attempt on him.This part was purely emotional and personal, sharing to the audience the moment he talked to the doctor and the doctor told him God must be on your shoulder. However, an abrupt change occurred when a sudden lively music entered the scene, showing again his trips to Asian countries. Th is time, he says that people go to the West, which shows that the West, then, provides hereafter for the people. He says that Americans have a lot to offer, which brought a change on the clip by inserting a clip about the World War II veterans who risked and sacrificed their lives at Point dHoc.He tells us that men these days can be found in offices, stores, farms and shops as a result of a free society all because the military force helped the nation achieve it. After this, the film becomes political when Reagan started talking about reform, simplifying taxes and creating enterprise zones and business incentives. From this, he also talks about peace which he achieved because he is helping people. The film ended with the song God Bless The USA (Morreale, 1991, p. 84). The values unwashed to these two films are pride, patriotism, generosity, leadership, spirituality and respect.What makes these films different are how these two define themselves. Bush defines himself as a person fu ll of family values, someone who wants to make everybody happy, venerating of his parents, wanting to create change, full of optimism and reaching big dreams, in which his being a family-person and wanting to create change is emphasized. Reagan defines himself as a person who value heroes, full of patriotism, prioritizes economy of the nation, advocates freedom, spiritual and a peace-lover. In this, his respect for heroes or military and his patriotism are emphasized.Musical scores that are lively and victorious support the progress, dreams and freedom the candidates are portraying in the film. The sentimental songs support the personal and emotional appeal of the film, which helped in making the audience feel what the candidates cute them to feel. Visual images also had a role American flags, innocent kids, boy scouts, soldiers, baseball, laughter, sunrises all these promoting a positive vibe for their personality, making the candidates look as more positive individuals in fron t of the camera.

Charles Dickens create his characters Essay

Charles the Tempter is a great writer who has been successful throughout his spiritedness. He has written numerous novels for all age groups which consist of Great Expectations (1860-61) and Hard Times. Dickens techniques of writing were much noticed by readers, especially his substances of creating characters. There are a number of ways to how dickens would create his characters, he congeals them in revealing or appropriate settings and describes their physical appearance. He in addition, allows them to speak so that we instruct their vocabulary and tone of voice. His characters actions and movements are well depict because he shows how other characters react to them.To understand dickens techniques more clearly, I will be examine two characters, Abel Magwitch of Great Expectations and Thomas Gradgrind of Hard Times. Great Expectations is about a young orphan named Philip Pirrip, known as Pip. The novel has been set in the Kent Marshes. Pip lives with his shrewish sister and her husband, the simply, kindly, blacksmith Joe Gargery. Chapter one of this novel opens in the country churchyard where Pip is terrified by the appearance of Magwitch, an escaped prison gyp who threatens him with awful vengeance unless some food and file for his fetters are obtained smartly.Pip manages to get over some of his own supper, steals more food from the pantry, and after an encounter with a different younger convict, he finds the original one and leaves him filing off his exhorts. The setting of Great Expectations is in the Kent Marshes. Pips first meeting with Magwitch was in the nearby churchyard. At such a time I found out for certain, that this bleak place overgrown with nettles was the churchyard. Dickens uses the adjective bleak which also subject matter bare and dreary this suggests that the churchyard is a place that doesnt get many visitors.Also overgrown with nettles implies to us that the churchyard isnt cared for, it contains sharp and mortifying pl ants which doesnt attract visitors. Therefore, we can understand why Magwitch chose to hideout at the churchyard, it is a good place for a convict to hide. Dickens also uses the adjective raw which also supports the idea of an unattractive churchyard. The synonyms for the word raw are chilly and damp these two words strongly describe the churchyard as an isolated area. Raw is a harsh and cold word. The reader may also con officer the churchyard as a boring and timid place because dickens has used low leaden line of river.This describes the river as a heavy, dark and foreboding line cutting across the churchyard. Dickens has deliberately described the churchyard as a boring place with these negative adjectives in order to make the reader believe that it has no visitors. Once again this implies that the churchyard is a good hideout for Magwitch. By now, it is noticeable that the setting in Great Expectations reflects Magwitchs character because Dickens also describes the churchyard wi th scattered cows which suggests an unpleasant place that is not taken care of actually much.The term savage lair from which the wind was rushing is a metaphor which is an implicit comparison. It is the masking of a word or phrase to somebody or something that is not meant literally, but to make a comparison. The same way, this metaphor brings the wind out to life and impersonates it as a ludicrous animal by using the noun lair. A lair is a den or hiding place where predators would hide from preys, this relates back to Magwitch whom is hiding just like a predator and preys out to poor little orphan Pip. Dickens creates a negative characterisation of Magwitch by the way he describes him because he uses terms such as A man.Straight away this puts a mysterious thought to the readers mind. At this depict the reader is busy building up an cast of Magwitch in their minds. Dickens also describes Magwitch in coarse grey uniform, this gives the reader a full image in their minds of Ma gwitch as a prison convict, which builds up the negative impression. The adjective coarse is a synonym for rough and harsh which allows the reader to consider Magwitch as an untidy and messy person. In order to make it sound more obvious that Magwitch is an escaped convict Dickens uses terms such as iron on legs.This suggests to us that Magwitch has shackles on his legs which bring the reader to certainty that Magwitch is an escaped convict. He is a bad man Dickens has also mentioned that Magwitch is not wearying a hat. This implies that Magwitch is no gentleman, he is not well bred and he doesnt have a decent background. Dickens describes Magwitch through a list of injuries he faces. soaked in water, smothered in mud, lamed by stones, cut by flints, stung by nettles and torn by briars. Dickens has listed all these injuries to show how Magwitch has been through a lot.He has travelled tough which suggests that he was very determined to get out of prison. It also suggests that Magwit ch is a strong and dread(a) man who is able to resist a lot, he is a frightening man. Old rag tied around his head. From this we can understand that Magwitch is severe to hide his injury or as a disguise. We can understand that Dickens has done a clever job with creating a negative impression of Magwitch. Dickens has deliberately used the name Magwitch which also creates a negative impression because it contains the word witch. This symbolises evil and fear.Dickens has used exclaiming marks to illustrate shouting. Tell us your name Said the man. From this technique we can understand that Magwitch was a very temperamental and furious man. pint out the place, this suggests that his accent is also different. Dialect has been used which is when a characters speech is often grammatically incorrect. In Magwitchs case, his use of dialect suggests to us that he has lack of education. We can understand that he may have been on the prison ship for a long time. Magwitch is also very violent as he speaks. He threatens Pip in a way to show readers that he is the villain of this novel.Also, we can realise that Dickens has made Magwitchs speech short with shuddering sentences. This implies that Magwitch is afraid of being caught he is shortening his sentence to hurry up the conversation and get back into hiding. Dickens has also used imperatives, You get me a file. Imperatives are performed by a character to give orders they are used to express a command or request. Magwitch has used his power advantage. Dickens has also used strong language which reflects Magwitchs character once again, uncouth and coarse. Magwitchs actions are very violent and threatening.While threatening little Pip he tends to keep looking over his shoulder. This implies that he is nervous and afraid of getting caught. The violence side of Magwitch is exposed when he turns Pip upside down and shakes him. By now, the reader is afraid of Magwitch, and he is definitely the villain of this novel. However, the reader may also odor pity for Magwitch from the way he limps and shivers. This explains how Dickens was able to create two sides of the character Magwitch, this way the reader is able to feel some sympathy but, they are also afraid of him because he is a criminal and he is relying on the help of a child.Magwitch tries to be evil, but between that he shows his vulnerable side. Dickens uses adjectives such as ravenously. The purpose of this is to give the reader an image of a wild animal in their minds. Dickens is comparing Magwitch with a wild animal to once again remind the reader that Magwitch is uneducated and deprived. Magwitch used his gaze to overpower Pip. This suggests that Dickens was able to write in a way to show whos in power. Also, Magwitch tilts Pip over a grave to frighten him and show power. However, we can understand from the novel that Magwitch is also afraid of the sculpture as he creeps over them.

Journal Article on Juvenile Delinquency Essay

The study made by Kaplan and Johnson corresponds to the value of how the great unwashed and corresponding cordial institutions perceive fresh delinquency. In particular, it tackled the susceptibility of creating punishments and sanctions as an ideal norm that needs to be pursued. Such direction then fostered better means of analyzing the response of different social institutions towards these actions. Similarly, the aspect of labeling within the social model was also studied.In particular, it takes into consideration how this process corresponds to how individuals ascertain relationships and function towards functioning effectively within the item standards realised (Kaplan and Howard, p. 99). To achieve this perspective, the process of labeling was studied and determined by its capacity to promote deterrence. Similarly, careful study was also made in how a relationship may exist amongst the processes of social sanctions and the application of appropriate standards mentiond t o a model of deviant carriage (Kaplan and Johnson, p. 100).Through this, the study was able to establish specific patterns that allow the labeling process during deviant behavior to explain the motivation and resistance towards engagement. Such actions then help explain the manner on how people relate with social institutions and others accordingly. After careful analysis, the study then illustrated the value of utilizing labeling within the deviant behavior. Here, the principle is used to create better means of fostering distinctions between responses among individuals and social institutions (Kaplan and Johnson, p. 116).Seeing this, the idea then of labeling becomes both constructive in its capacity to motivate a change in behavior and deterrence of deviance. On the other hand, it also brings about a forbid outcome that it promotes biased views and alienation among individuals who engage in such(prenominal) actions. Due to this, the principle then opens up greater opportunities to correlate in the process of role development and the creation of identity and behavior according to specific norms and establish specific responses due to negative social sanctions especially in the formulation of deviance.Reflecting on the article, it can be seen that the process of labeling remains to be an important component shaping perceptions among individuals concerning deviant behavior. It carries on the principle of facilitating norms and maintenance of status quo especially within different social institutions. Due to this, it both serves as deterrence for those who try to engage in such actions and hampers the relationship among peers. Such action then ensures the validity of ensuring stability among individuals and the manner they act and react to their specific environments.Similarly, the idea then of social controls provided towards deviant behavior remains to be innate in social norms. Analyzing these realities, it can be surmised that it functions towards establi shing better means for people to act. By setting up these rules and standards, the manner of relationships and functions among people becomes effective and viable. Overall, the usefulness of this article revolves around its capacity to effectively understand the relationships surrounding deviance, social control, and social sanctions.It also tries to support the tenets of deviance theory by providing specific principles shaping and supplementing both its development and application of control. Such actions then increase the likelihood of establishing concrete definition and analysis. Lastly, this direction then opens up the capacity to understand the process of deviant behavior in the lens of sociology as it tries to understand how it creates specific roles, develops relationship, and maintenance of control.

Bronze Age Mesopotamia Leadership

The Epic of Gilgamesh tan Age Mesopotamia had a distinct culture and tradition their rich cultural heritage was passed atomic reactor by some incredible fictitious and non-fictitious writings like the Epic of Gilgamesh. There are many inferences that can be made ab extinct bronzy Age Mesopotamia by reading the Epic of Gilgamesh. Its clear from this document that the dichotomy between a tyrannical and a just draw existed in the society where the leaders were expected to be courageous, bold and adventurous.The importance of the role of religion on leadership cannot be overlooked and religion seemed to mingle with and dictate the lives of the leaders. One of the most powerful deductions that can be made about bronze Age Mesopotamia is the constant struggle between a tyrannical prescript and a just ruler. In fact angiotensin converting enzyme can go as far as claiming that the entire document highlights the need for a leader who rules well over his people. In the end of the tale we see Gilgamesh, a tyrannical barbaric ruler, repent by pledging to become someone who loves the people he rules (Kovacs).This shows that perhaps corrupt tyrants who thrived at the expense of the common people marred the Bronze Age Mesopotamia. Similarly another key deduction on leadership is the apparent divine mandate to rule. The Persian Empire is known to have solidified the divine mandate to rule and it seems that the Bronze Age Mesopotamia wasnt in like manner far off from the same notion. In the story we see Gilgamesh as a hero mandated by the Gods to rule and after he displeases the Gods we see the redeem of another hero once again mandated by Gods to challenge Gilgamesh (Kovacs).This intricate relationship between heroes and Gods is something that seems to be a key feature of leadership as no ordinary person could simply become a leader. The Bronze Age Mesopotamian society had somewhat unique antepast from their leaders. The most important expectation dealt with courage and strength, which is to clear from the numerous incidents during the Woe unto Gilgamesh who slandered me and killed the Bull of Heaven We see Enikdu and Gilgamesh take the field off the bull of heaven as well as fight each other with courage, passion and determination. A leader who did not ave the courage to fight and the strength to win was considered no leader at all during the Bronze Age Mesopotamia (Kovacs). Similarly, the leaders were also expected to have a smell of adventure to test out their courage. During the Epic of Gilgamesh we see Gilgamesh and Enikdu travel to the dark cedar tree forest to fight the great monster called Humbaba. There seemed to be no reason for both these leaders to fight this monster but in separate to prove their worth and win over the love of their people they had to embark upon this journey and prove their courage as seen in this quote, I am Gilgamesh, I killed the GuardianI destroyed Humbaba who lived in the Cedar Forest I slew lions in the mountain passes (Kovacs) . During the course of the Epic of Gilgamesh we also find out about interesting and intricate relationship between Gods and leadership. The Bronze Age Mesopotamian notion of God was very different from our modern notion and Gods often had physical form and interacted with men and other beings. Its clear from the tale that Gods were deeply concerned about who rules and it what manner. As seen in tablet VI, after Gilgamesh jilted Ishtars proposal to her father, the god of creation, brings about a curse upon the city of Uruk (Kovacs).Even though the Gods do not have complete control over how the leaders behave they seem to be the ones who ultimately decide their fate as is evident from the death Enkidu. The Gods also seem to decide the creation of leaders and their qualities. The leaders can be seen as appointed officials and whenever a leader is doing what the Gods would have him do the Gods can create a new one to bring about balance and harmony. To conclu de, the Epic of Gilgamesh, one of the few surviving works of the ancient literature, provides with wonderful insights into the hidden world of leadership in the Bronze Age Mesopotamia.From this tale we find out that the Mesopotamian society had experienced tyrannical rule but at the same time people seemed to have agnize a way forward where rulers needed to be just. We also find out that Bronze Age Mesopotamian culture recognized courage, passion and a sense of adventure as important virtues in their leaders. Similarly a lot can be said about the close connection between leaders, Gods and the ultimate power of the Gods over the leaders. Works Cited Kovacs, Maureen. The Epic of Gilgamesh. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Sep 2012. .

A Career as a Finance Officer

Every company desires not bad(predicate) business. Their primary goals are to earn money, spend in ingenious ways that will increase the company value, and have enough money left to stay clear of debt. It is critical that a company have good monetary management in order to attain these goals. Without the proper direction and implementation of solid financial strategies, few companies will survive.Upon completion of my degree, I am planning to work in the field of financial management as a finance officer.A finance officer directs the company budget toward their financial goals, oversees investments, and the financial objectives of an organization. They whitethorn also deal with acquisitions and mergers. I am very interested in finding a position as a finance manager, where I am able to use my education, skills and enthusiasm for finance to promote a companys interests.It is obligatory for a finance officer to be tumefy educated, with at least a bachelors degree. The entry market is highly competitive and any additional experience or education getable is an advantage. Many companies prefer to hire financial managers with an advanced degree or some experience.As I begin my job search, I will research for each one company of interest to determine their criteria for hire. I understand that some companies require entry exams or a certificate program through their company for prospective employees.Also, it may be necessary to take a position with less responsibility or compensation in order to obtain the experience necessary to advance. My education in computers is will be an advantage since all financial and inter-office interaction is typically computer based.My excellent communication and people skills will countenance me in a position as a finance officer. Since most managers will be directly overseeing other employees, being able to direct projects, point responsibilities and lead others towards desired goals is critical. It is also important to be able to work in a team environment and to be able to explain conglomerate financial information in a clear way. I believe that these are some of my strong points.A successful finance officer is one who is unstrained to constantly learn and grow in their field. They must change in response to technological developments and data analysis techniques. They must stay on summit of the current trends and information in the financial field and they need to be aware of current tax laws governing their industry.Various seminars and workshops are available for continuing education, which may or may not be required, but are always a good idea. The Internet provides much of the current information in the finance world, but trade journals deliver cutting edge information.The Financial Management Association International, based at the College of Business Administration at the University of South Florida in Tampa (http//www.fma.org/) publishes a quarterly and a bi-annual journal (http//www.fma.org/ jaf.htm), and the Association for Financial Professionals in Bethesda, Maryland (http//www.afponline.org/), offers a monthly publication.Both of these regularly have articles about current research, computer software development, and information of interest to those in finance fields. They post meeting minutes and notifications of available workshops as well.

A Report on Blackwattle Bay Career Education Program

The most important goal of secondary education is to prepare disciples for their future, whether it is for higher(prenominal) education or for the world of work. It is a reality that not all high school graduates can proceed to tertiary education, some would have to drop by the wayside college and enter the world of work. utility(prenominal) education should be able to provide the right amount of training and education that would help the graduate do successful in his/her chosen life path (Hamilton & Hamilton, 1994).Secondary education does not also limit itself to providing academic and skills training notwithstanding also in developing the personality of the student and by teaching life skills which they will use in their daily lives. In doing so, students are no only equipped academically with skills and knowledge but also become responsible young adults. Educations ultimate goal is to teach and transform the minds of the young in the hope that they will become productive cit izens of the country.With the many issues and controversies that the educational sectors are facing, it is no wonder that more and more schools are trying to address the issues of providing quality education that would result to student success in and out of school (Myrick, 2002).For some, innovation and the use of technology had helped in motivating students and in enhancing instruction, others focus more on providing excellent reserve for the needs of students that would aid in decision making in terms of their future and life goals.This support programs include career guidance, counseling, social action, volunteerism and spiritual guidance. otherwise schools emphasize academic preparation and excellence by providing programs such(prenominal) as remedial classes, enrichment classes, advanced courses in science and math, tutorials and the like (Cobia &Henderson, 2007). As most educators agree, a school which provides holistic education and personal development are the best kind o f schools whether it is human race or private, and rural or urban.In recent years, the general public had been averse to sending their children to public schools owing to the negative reputation that it has been given for not providing quality education, for not having excellent teachers and for the lack of funding given to such schools. More and more parents had sent their children to private schools for secondary education, in an attempt to reverse the negative perception towards public schools especially in the inner cities the Sydney Secondary College was created in 2002 in order to revitalize public education.The Sydney Secondary College system is composed of three campuses located at Balmain, Leichhardt, and Blackwattle Bay. Students attend either Balmain or Leichhardt for their identify 7 to 10 education then move to Blackwattle Bay for their 11th and 12th years.Although Blackwattle Bay accepts applicants from different schools, students from Balmain and Leichhardt are give n priority. The college system is unique in the sense that the learning environment of the Blackwattle Bay campus is very similar to a true college or university wherein students take courses that are geared towards enhancing the students chances of being accepted in tertiary education.Moreover, the college concept also posits that juniors and seniors would benefit more from a more mature and challenging learning environment than a regular high school.

Personal Communication

Q.1. What are the different kernel of mass converse ? What are their advantages?Q.2. Mention a few modern means of discourse & find out any two uses of each.Q.3. What are the advantages of fluid phones? Find out more(prenominal) about smart phones and their latest features. The use of mobile phones has several advantages, namely it has given people communication freedom and independence and it has also become a good source of entertainment. Also, this technology provides important preventative benefits and emergency services, in addition to facilitating communications across geographical borders. The market leading smart phones are Apple IPhones, Samsung Galaxy and Blackberry. The smart phones provides fast internet facilities and act as an entertainment medium such as movie, music, social networking etc.Q.4. List down the different means of personal communication. Find out more about their advantages and disadvantages.Means of communication Advantage Disadvantage Telephone f ast(a)est than any other communication medium. Easy to carry and memorize all the contacts. Expensive. Email Fast and very inexpensive means of communication. Privacy issues due to lack of security. Letters or speed postsThe old medium of communication and not very expensive. run-of-the-mill or village people rely mostly on letters through Post Offices. The turn-around-time to reach the letter is long compared to telephone or email.Q.5 Do you think that means of communication has helped to connect people better? If so how? Elaborate. Yes. Every means of communication is useful in its own way. The means of communication are Letters, telegram, telephone, telex, fax, e-mail, radio, television, newspapers, etc. Together, they help us keep in touch with our friends, relatives and the world. The modern communication means such as Smart Phones improved the communication betweenthe people through the social networking sites namely Facebook, LinkedIn etc.

Earle Spencer Eulogy Essay

I stand before you to solar day, the representative of a family in grief, in a domain in mourning before a world in shock. We are all united non only in our desire to pay our respects to Diana but rather in our need to do so. For such was her extraordinary appeal that the tens of millions of people taking part in this service all everywhere the world via television and radio who never actually met her, feel that they, too, lost someone close to them in the early hours of Sunday morning. It is a more remarkable tribute to Diana than I can ever go for to offer her today. Diana was the very essence of compassion, of duty, of style, of beauty. All over the world she was a symbol of self little humanity, a standard-bearer for the rights of the truly downtrodden, a very British girl who who transcended nationality, someone with a natural splendor who was classless, and who proved in the last year that she needed no proud title to continue to interpret her particular brand of magic. Today is our chance to say thank you for the way you brightened our lives, even though idol granted you but half a demeanor. We pull up stakes all feel cheated, always, that you were taken from us so young and yet we must learn to be grateful that you came along at all. Only straightway you are gone do we truly appreciate what we are now without and we want you to know that conduct without you is very, very difficult. We have all despaired at our loss over the past week and only the strong point of the message you gave us through your years of giving has afforded us the strength to move forward. There is a temptation to rush to canonize your memory. There is no need to do so. You stand tall abundant as a human being of unique qualities non to need to be seen as a saint. Indeed to sanctify your memory would be to miss out on the very core of your being, your marvelously mischievous sense of humor with a laugh that bent you double, your joy for life transmitted wherever you took your smile, and the sparkle in those unforgettable eyes, your boundless energy which you could barely contain. But your greatest gift was your intuition, and it was a gift you used wisely.This is what underpinned all your other wonderful attributes. And if we look to analyze what it was about you that had such a wide appeal, we find it in your instinctive feel for what was really important in all our lives. Without your God- apt(p) sensitivity, we would be immersed in greater ignorance at the anguish of AIDS and HIV sufferers, the plight of the homeless, the isolation of lepers, the random close of land mines. Diana explained to me once that it was her inner almost feelings ofsuffering that made it possible for her to connect with her constituency of the rejected. And here we come to another(prenominal) truth about her. For all the status, the glamour, the applause, Diana remained throughout a very insecure person at heart, just about childlike in her desire to do good for ot hers so she could release herself from deep feelings of unworthiness of which her feeding disorders were merely a symptom. The world sensed this part of her character and entertained her for her vulnerability, whilst admiring her for her honesty.The last season I saw Diana was on July the first, her birthday, in London, when typically she was not taking time to celebrate her special day with friends but was guest of honor at a fund-raising charity evening. She sparkled of course, but I would rather cherish the age I spent with her in March when she came to visit me and my children in our home in southmost Africa. I am proud of the fact that apart from when she was on public display meeting hot seat Mandela, we managed to contrive to stop the ever-present paparazzi from getting a single picture of her. That meant a lot to her. These were days I will always treasure. It was as if we had been transported back to our childhood, when we spent such an enormous amount of time togethe r, the two youngest in the family. Fundamentally she hadnt changed at all from the big sis who mothered me as a baby, fought with me at school, and endured those long train journeys between our parents homes with me at weekends.It is a tribute to her level-headedness and strength that despite the most bizarre life imaginable after her childhood, she remained intact, true to herself. There is no doubt that she was looking for a new direction in her life at this time. She talked endlessly of getting away from England, mainly because of the interposition that she received at the hands of the newspapers. I dont think she ever understood wherefore her genuinely good intentions were sneered at by the media, why there appeared to be a permanent indicate on their behalf to bring her down. It is baffling. My own, and only, explanation is that genuine goodness is threatening to those at the opposite end of the lesson spectrum. It is a point to remember that of all the ironies about Diana , perhaps the greatest was this a girl given the name of the ancient goddess of hunting was, in the end, the most hunted person of the modern age. She would want us today to pledge ourselves to protecting her beloved boys, William and Harry, from a similar fate. And I do this here, Diana, on your behalf.We will not allow them tosuffer the anguish that used regularly to drive you to tearful despair. And beyond that, on behalf of your mother and sisters, I pledge that we, your blood family, will do all we can to continue the imaginative and loving way in which you were steering these two exceptional young men, so that their souls are not simply immersed by duty and tradition but can sing openly as you planned. We fully respect the heritage into which they have both been born, and will always respect and encourage them in their royal role. But we, like you, recognize the need for them to experience as many different aspects of life as possible, to arm them spiritually and emotionally for the years ahead.I know you would have expected nothing less from us. William and Harry, we all care desperately for you today. We are all chewed up with sadness at the loss of a woman who wasnt even our mother. How great your suffering is we cannot even imagine. I would like to end by thanking God for the small mercies Hes shown us at this dreadful time for taking Diana at her most beautiful and radiant and when she had joy in her private life. Above all, we give thanks for the life of a woman Im so proud to be able to call my sister the unique, the complex, the extraordinary and irreplaceable Diana, whose beauty, both internal and external, will never be extinguished from our minds.

Bureaucracy & Formal Organizations

Chapter Summary Society is organized to get its job do. It does so through courtly organizations and bureaucracies. The same system that can be frustrating and impersonal is besides the one on which we rely for our personal welf be and to fulfill our daily needs. The society of today, however is not the society of yesterday, nor will it be the society of tomorrow. The rationalization of society concerns to a transformation in peoples thinking and behavior over the past 150 years, shifting the focus from personal relationships to efficiency and results.Karl Marx attributed this transformation to capitalist economy, bandage Max Weber, who disagreed with Marx, related it to Protestant theology. As a result of grounds, formal organizations, secondary groups designed to deliver the goods specific objectives, arrive produce a central feature of contemporary society. With industrialization, secondary groups have fabricate common. Today, their existence is taken for granted. They become a part of our lives at birth and seem to get much and more complex as we move through the brio course.The larger the formal organization, the more in all probability it will turn into a bureaucracy. Bureaucracies are defined as formal organizations characterized by five features that swear come out them reach their goals, to grow, and endure. These five features are (1) clear levels, with assignments flowing downward and accountability flowing upward, (2) a share of labor, (3) written rules, (4) written communications with records, and (5) impartiality. Although bureaucracies are the most efficient forms of social organization, they can to a fault be dysfunctional.Dysfunctions of bureaucracies can include red tape, lack of communication between units, and alienation. Examples of these dysfunctions include an overly rigid rendering of rules and the failure of members of the same organization to communicate among one another. consort to Max Weber, the impersonality of b ureaucracies tends to produce workers who feel detached from the organization and each other. According to Karl Marx, workers experience alienation when they lose control over their work and are have it away off from the finished product of their labor.To resist alienation, workers form primary groups, banding together in informal settings during the workday to offer each other support and validation. They alike personalize their work billet with family photographs and personal decorations. Not all workers, however, succeed in resisting alienation. One reason bureaucracies endure and are so resilient is because they tend to take on a life of their own through a bear on called goal displacement. Once a bureaucracy has handd its original goals, it adopts pertly goals in order to perpetuate its existence.A untarnished example of goal displacement involves the March of Dimes. Originally founded to fight polio, the organization was faced with being phased out after Jonas Salk dis covered the polio vaccine. Rather than disband, it adopted a new mission, fighting birth defects, which was of late changed to a vaguer goal of breakthrough for babies. In addition to bureaucracies, many people in the United States become involved with voluntary organizations, groups made up of volunteers who organize on the basis of some mutual interest.But level off voluntary organizations are not immune from the affect of bureaucratization. Although formal organizations provide numerous beneficial functions, they also tend to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite, a phenomenon Robert Michel referred to as the iron law of oligarchy. still volunteer and non-profit organizations are affected by the iron law of oligarchy. Sociologists use the term, corporal tillage to refer to an organizations traditions, values, and unwritten norms. Much of what goes on in corporate husbandry, however, is hidden.To ensure that the corporate culture reproduces itself at the sack up levels, people in positions of power groom other people they perceive to be just same(p) them for similar positions of power. In the United States, personal achievement is central workers are hired on the basis of what they can contribute to the organization that hires them. To counter the negative side of bureaucracies, many corporations have begun taking stairs to better humanize work settings. This includes the establishment of work teams, corporate day care, employee stock ownership plans, and the whole tone circles.There has been a great deal of research directed at comparing the Japanese corporate culture to the American corporate culture. The Japanese corporate model differs significantly from the American corporate model in the way it views work, workers, and work organizations. Although considered as superior to the American corporate culture, more recent inspection shows this to be more of a myth than a reality. Successful Japanese businesses have adopted many of the Am erican methods. The real bottom line is that we live in a global marketplace of ideas as vigorous as products, with no single set of cultural values being universally superior.Key Terms in Chapter Seven alienation Marxs term for the experience of being cut off from the product of ones labor that results in a sense of powerlessness and normlessness. (p. 181) bureaucracy A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority a clear division of labor emphasis on written rules, communications, and records and impersonality of positions. (p. 176) capitalism An economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of producing goods and services, the pursuit of profit, and market competition. (p. 176) corporate culture The orientations that characterize corporate work settings. p. 186) formal organization A secondary group designed to achieve explicit objectives. (p. 176) goal displacement A goal displaced by another in this context, the adoption of new goals by an organization a lso known as goal replacement. (p. 182) humanizing a work setting Organizing a workplace in such a way that it develops, rather than impedes, human potential. (p. 188) jibe principle A bureaucratic law according to which the members of an organization are promoted for good work until they reach their level of incompetence, the level at which they can no longer do good work. p. 182) rationality The acceptance of rules, efficiency, and practical results as the right way to approach human affairs. (p. 174) rationalization of society A widespread acceptance of rationality and a social organization largely built around this idea. (p. 174) self-fulfilling prophecy As applied to corporate culture, predictions that later come true based upon values and stereotypes. (p. 186) the iron law of oligarchy Robert Michels phrase for the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite. (p. 185) he McDonaldization of society The process by which ordinary aspects of life are rationalized and efficiency comes to rule such things as food preparation. (p. 179) traditional orientation The idea, characteristic of tribal, peasant, and feudalistic societies, that the past is the best guide for the present. (p. 174) voluntary association A group made up of volunteers who have organized on the basis of some mutual interest. (p. 183) Key People in Chapter Seven Alexis de Tocqueville In his report of his travels across the United States, Democracy in America, Tocqueville observed the tendency of Americans to join voluntary associations. p. 183) Peter Evans and James Rauch Evans and Rauch found that the most prosperous countries are those with central bureaucracies that hire workers on the basis of chastity and offer them rewarding careers. (p. 182) Elaine Fox and George Arquitt Studying local posts of the Veterans of Foreign Wars, Fox and Arquitt found that leadership positions in organizations are typically decided behind the scenes with current lea ders choosing their favorite candidates for other leadership roles. (p. 185)Rosabeth Moss Kanter In her organizational studies of corporations, Kanter discovered that corporate cultures reproduce themselves at the top levels by selecting workers that they think best delay the corporate model providing those workers with the opportunities and resources to do well and after they succeed, promoting them to high-level positions. (p. 186). Gary Marx Noting technologys role in the control of workers, Gary Marx warned of a maximum-security workplace where computers keep track of every movement workers make on the job. (p. 190)Karl Marx According to Karl Marx, the rationalization of society was due to the transformation to capitalism, which, in turn, created alienationworkers who lost control of their work and were cut off from the finished product of their labor. (p. 174) Robert Michels Michels coined the phrase the iron law of oligarchy to describe the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self-perpetuating elite. (p. 185) William Ouchi Ouchi identified five ways that the Japanese corporate model differed from the American corporate model. p. 191) George Ritzer Ritzer coined the term the McDonaldization of society to describe the process by which ordinary aspects of life are decorous more and more rationalized. (p. 179) David Sills Sills identified four of the seven functions of voluntary associations. (p. 184) Max Weber According to Weber, a change in peoples religious orientation and their way of thinking produced capitalism. Weber also argued that the impersonality of bureaucracies tends to produce workers who feel detached from their organizations and each other. (p. 175)

Physiological Change Essay

What is a medicine dependency? Why dont people just simply quit doing drugs? Well hither is a news flash, an addiction to drugs is a disease Why is it when someone is diagnosed with cancer other people be concerned and feel horrible, however, when someone is diagnosed with an addiction to drugs they are faced with ridicule, and alienation? It seems that it may be this dash since cancer has been researched for many years while drug addiction has not. People who abuse drugs are modify by physiological changes that occur in the brain, unfortunately these changes are what leads to addiction and should be treated as the disease it is and not as if it is a choice.The disease that addictions cause makes many physical changes to the human be but addiction is more than just a behavioral disorder, another thing that it can cause is emotional changes. The disease physically alters the way the user thinks. Over time consecutive use of the drug could make the users body immune to that dosa ge, therefore it makes them feel they need more to achieve their High, and here lies the start of an addiction. Many uninformed individuals would say if its bad quit however, this problem isnt that simple. Along with mend the way the user thinks, the disease also alters cells in the body.

Kaahumanu

Keri Yokoyama February 6, 2012 Social Studies Funk pansy of Manoa Guess who was one of the around popular people in Manoa? Queen Elizabeth Kaahumanu of course Kaahumanu was one of the most storied residents of all Manoa. She was famous because she made a big opposition on Manoa She was excessively the wife of Kamehameha in fact, she was one of Kamehamehas favorite (out of twenty-one ). In this article, I will tell you all about Queen Elizabeth Kaahumanu and her impact on the Manoa Community. In upper Manoa, she had a summer abode. Its name was Ka Pukaomaomao, meaning the green gate. This makes sense because her house had a green gate and green shutters. The house had a blend of Polynesian and Western styles. In the book Manoa the story of a valley, it says that the roof was probably thatched or peaked. (They dont know provided they are pretty sure it was. ) Kaahumanu had many friends and invited them to her summerhouse. Her house became a popular place to visit. The house is n on there today, but the lay that it was on is still there with nothing on it. If you go to Manoa itinerary and Oahu Avenue, there is a green overgrown path that leads to a tiny clearing covered with senile hau trees.Keep going on the path and you will find the land that Kaahumanus house, Ka Pukaomaomao, was on. Kaahumanu was also know for a newfangled water well. Her well was located close to her home. It was on Huelani Drive. The name of Kaahumanus fresh water well was Kawaihuelani, meaning The waters of Huelani. People believe that moowahine, meaning, Part-lizard, part-woman being is the guardian of the well. Kaahumanu also made a difference to one school in particular, Punahou School. Kaahumanu ordered/suggested Boki (Oahus governor) and his wife, Kuini Liliha, to give the land of Kapunahou to Reverend and Mrs.Hiram Bingham. From there, they built a school, which became Punahou School. That is how Punahou came to be. After catching an illness coming back from a trip, Kaahum anu asked to be taken to her home in the mountains. She died in her home in Manoa. Manoa was a place she loved so thats why she came back to visit one last time before her death. I hope you erudite a lot about Kaahumanu and her impact on Manoa. There are many things about her that I found interesting and I hope you found interesting tooSo now, to remember Kaahumanu as a queen and a resident of Manoa, think Queen of Manoa Works Cited Bouslog, Charles, and Thelma Greig. Manoa The Story of a Valley. capital of Hawaii Mutual Pub. , 1994. Print. Kawaihuelani History Hawaiinuiakea. University of Hawaii at Manoa. Web. 03 Feb. 2012. . Queen Kaahumanu (1768 1832) Kamehamehas Favorite Wife Aloha Hawaii. Hawaii get going Guide Plan Your Hawaiian Vacation Aloha Hawaii. Web. 06 Feb. 2012. . The Woman Who Changed A Kingdom Hawaiian Queen Kaahumanu. Coffee Times 100% Pure Kona Coffee. Web. 07 Feb. 2012. .

Quality Management for Organizational Excellence: Total Quality Pioneers Essay

In this paper, Philip Crosby impart be discussed as one of the pioneers of total quality. Quality will be defined and also total quality will be discussed about how each contributed to Philip Crosbys success. Additionally, it will be explained why quality is useful in todays backing environment. Quality and Total Quality Defined In todays world the majority of consumers require their products and services welcome quality. Quality is performance to the standard expected by the customer, meeting customer needs the number 1 eon and every time, doing the right thing right the first time (Goetsch, 2010).Quality is defined as a dynamic state associated with products, services, people, processes, and environments that meets or exceeds expectations and helps produce passe-partout value (Goetsch, 2010, p. 5). The dynamic state of quality will change in the future as time goes on. Total quality is the collective quality concepts pulled together as one comprehensive approach to conducting telephone circuit (Goetsch, 2010). Total quality is achieved through strategy, obsession with quality, teamwork, education and training, employee involvement, and customer focus in addition to umteen other aspects of quality.If any element of total quality is non present, then total quality has not and cannot be achieved. Philip Crosby Philip Crosby was a director for ITT Corporation for 14 years until 1979 when he opened his own companion called Philip Crosby Associates. Philip Crosby Associates was an international consulting firm on quality improvements for businesses. Crosby defined quality as conformance to requirements and was known for his hypothesis of zero defects management and prevention. Crosby also introduced Quality Vaccine that consisted of three ingredients 1) Determination, 2) Education, and 3) Implementation.Many companies and managers also use Crosbys concept of doing it right the first time (Boti, 2011). With conformance to requirements, quality is consider ed customer satisfaction and compliance with real standards is required. Crosbys zero defect management sets the standard that errors are not tolerated, and there are no acceptable levels of non-quality hence doing it right the first time (Boti, 2011). Prevention, as Crosby describes, is quality should not be controlled, it must be done (Boti, 2011, pg. 205). Last, quality measure is the cost of non-compliance with quality. Quality Today and the FutureOrganizations that apply Crosbys quality management concepts to their business strategies have demonstrated they can remain successful in the business environment. Crosbys values of translateing the importance of employee and customer education have helped to create consistency in quality, increase productivity, increase profit cleverness, and customer satisfaction. Companies using outdated management approaches are missing opportunities for innovation and growth. Organizations that understand and embrace the dynamic element of qual ity management will be prepared for the ever ever-changing environment and unknown circumstances that may arise.The future for businesses that have managed the trends in quality will have a better competitive advantage to those who do not. Conclusion Elements of quality may differ from person to person and is constantly changing. Organizational awareness of changes is essential to remain competitive and necessary to produce a better quality product. Long-term success of a business is driven by quality and an organizations ability to continuously improve the quality of its product or service.

Essay for high school Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

For high naturalise - Essay ExampleAs I moved on to the kindergarten, I was not less fearful as the atmosphere was more formal than Pre- Kindergarten. I did not valued to join the kindergarten as I found it isolating and formal. As I joined Kindergarten I started associating with another(prenominal) children and became playful and less concerned about home and parents. But when the time for elementary school entree arrived I started to feel nervous, agitated and anxious. I was terribly scared about the assenting procedure and doubting of the teachers. It was due to the support and comforting of parents I could overcome the fear. I prayed a lot on the admission day and convinced myself that everything will be alright.Once I completed my admission successfully , my confidence train increased and was less fearful of admissions. However I was less familiar with summer camps and was afraid of go away home and school. When my mother encouraged me and explained me about its brighte r side I got excited. Once I joined the summer camp, I understood how much fun it was. By the admission time of junior boarding school I was completely confident and positive of admissions and got through it easily.My passion for travelling has been evergreen, since childhood I was stimulate by the idea of visiting new places whether it is a nearby beach, the east of Korea or Hawaii. Every class I made it a point to travel to a destination and I believe in St. Augustines words that The World is a book, and those who do not travel read only a page. Traveling the world inspired me enormously and Egypt was the country that astonished me with its Pyramids and hieroglyphs and since then I was attracted to antiquated civilization. Egypt moved me unlike any other country with its distinctive culture, climate and scenery. As I had an upcountry view of pyramids, I was amazed by its architecture and could not help imaging the strength and maven of ancient Egyptian people. Thought it was harsh summer I failed to get

Journal Topic 2-B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal Topic 2-B - Essay Examplested at least of five basic elements Indians, the slaves imported from Africa, the first wave of colonists political and economic elite of an Anglo-Saxon origin the waves of immigrants not only from the European, but also from Latin Ameri substructure and Asian countries.Trying to make water a uniform and solid society and the state, America in many respects was guided by the French way, having officially chosen assimilation, which received the well-known name melting pot. 100% Americanization had to draw an ultimate goal of the carried-out compulsory assimilation. However, despite all the efforts, by the middle of the XX century it became acquit that melting pot policy didnt bring desirable results. Searching for the way out of the current locating led to the emergence of multiculturalism. The main reasons and contradictions, which brought multiculturalism to life, arose together with formation of the American state and continued to exist coin b ank rather recent time. American multiculturalism pays much attention to culture and identity, thus the American identity can be kept through art, especially through films (Benshoff & Griffin). Multiculturalism continues and strengthens the line of a cultural relativism extending it to every home(a) culture, keeping the principle of equality of all cultures and supplementing it with the principle of cultural